Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Treatment group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Guidelines driven | AMSA‐driven shocks | AMSA‐driven shocks and epinephrine | P value |
| Preparation time, min | 71 (61–79) | 71 (63–87) | 84 (66–110) | 0.218 |
| Weight, kg | 37.3±1.9 | 37.7±0.6 | 37.5±1.6 | 0.884 |
| Core temperature, °C | 38.6±0.5 | 38.4±0.36 | 38.3±0.70 | 0.540 |
| Heart rate, min−1 | 84±9 | 85±15 | 91±17 | 0.589 |
| Cardiac index, L/min∙m−2 | 3.50±1.00 | 3.54±0.51 | 3.60±0.74 | 0.956 |
| Left ventricular stroke work index, cJ | 27.6 (31.5–41.4) | 29.0 (24.9–35.3) | 28.0 (25.6–32.9) | 0.424 |
| Mean aortic pressure, mm Hg | 68±11 | 70±8 | 70±5 | 0.909 |
| Respiratory rate, min−1 | 27±2 | 28±3 | 27±2 | 0.752 |
| PETCO2, mm Hg | 37±2 | 38±1 | 37±3 | 0.747 |
| pH, aorta, unit | 7.44±0.04 | 7.46±0.03 | 7.47±0.02 | 0.171 |
| Lactate, aorta, mmol/L | 1.78±0.76 | 1.52±0.49 | 1.08±0.30 | 0.056 |
| Po 2, aorta, mm Hg | 143±21 | 164±20 | 146±16 | 0.095 |
| Pco 2, aorta, mm Hg | 42±3 | 40±4 | 41±3 | 0.203 |
| HCO3–, aorta, mmol/L | 28±3 | 28±2 | 29±2 | 0.659 |
Baseline measurements were obtained 5 minutes before inducing ventricular fibrillation. Differences among groups were analyzed by 1‐way ANOVA using the Holm‐Sidak test for pairwise comparisons if the data were normally distributed; otherwise, the Kruskal‐Wallis test on ranks with Tukey test for pairwise comparisons was used, correspondingly showing means±SD or median (quartile 1–quartile 3). AMSA indicates amplitude spectral area; and PETCO2, end‐tidal Pco 2.