Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Studies
| Study | Year | Design | No. of patients | Men, % | Age, y | Indication | CT type | Slice thickness, mm | Diagnostic criteria for TEE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Achenbach 28 | 2004 | Prospective | 52 | 64 | 66±10 | DCCV | ECG‐gated EBCT; early phase | 1.5 | LAT/LAAT |
| Kim 29 | 2007 | Retrospective | 223 | 82 | 57±10 | PVI | ECG‐gated 16‐, 40‐, 64‐slice MDCT; early phase | 1.2, 0.75, 0.6 | LAAT+SEC |
| Shapiro 30 | 2007 | Retrospective | 21 | N/A | N/A | No restrict | ECG‐gated 64 slice; MDCT; early phase | 0.6 | LAAT |
| Feuchtner 31 | 2008 | Prospective | 64 | 68 | 58±13 | PVI/valve surgery | ECG‐gated 64 slice; MDCT | 0.6 | LAT/LAAT |
| Tang 32 | 2008 | Prospective | 170 | 72 | 56±12 | PVI | Non–ECG‐gated 64 slice; MDCT; early phase | N/A | LAT/LAAT |
| Hur 33 | 2008 | Retrospective | 101 | 62 | 67 | Stroke | ECG‐gated 64‐section CCTA; early phase | 0.6 | LAAT |
| Patel 34 | 2008 | Prospective | 72 | 69 | 56±10 | PVI | ECG‐gated 64 slice; MDCT; early phase | 0.625 | LAAT+SEC |
| Martinez 35 | 2009 | Prospective | 402 | 76 | 56±10 | PVI | 64 Slice; MDCT; early phase | 0.6 | LAAT |
| Hur 36 | 2009 | Prospective | 55 | 65 | 61 | Stroke | ECG‐gated 64‐section CCTA; late phase | 0.6 | LAAT |
| Kim 37 | 2010 | Prospective | 314 | 59 | 65±13 | Stroke | ECG‐gated 64‐slice MDCT; late phase | 0.625 | LAAT |
| Kapa 38 | 2010 | Prospective | 255 | 78 | 59±11 | PVI | ECG‐gated DSCT; early phase | 0.6 | LAAT |
| Maltagliati 39 | 2011 | Prospective | 171 | 83 | 60±11 | PVI | 64‐Slice MDCT; early phase | N/A | LAA/LAAT |
| Hur 40 | 2011 | Prospective | 83 | 67 | 63±10 | Stroke | ECG‐gated DSCT; late phase | 0.6 | LAAT+SEC |
| Swait 41 | 2012 | Retrospective | 70 | N/A | N/A | PVI | ECG‐gated (patient in sinus rhythm) and nongated (patients in AF) 256‐, 128‐, and 64‐slice CCT; late phase | N/A | LAT+LAAT |
| Hur 42 | 2013 | Prospective | 101 | 70 | 62±10 | PVI | ECG‐gated 128‐, 64‐slice CCT; late phase | 0.6 | LAT+LAAT |
| Dorenkamp 43 | 2013 | Prospective | 329 | 65 | 62±10 | PVI | ECG‐gated 64‐slice MDCT; early phase | 0.625 | LAT+LAAT |
| Budoff 44 | 2014 | Retrospective | 86 | 81 | 66 | PVI | 64‐Slice CCTA; late phase | N/A | LAAT |
| Hong 45 | 2014 | Retrospective | 678 | 78 | 57±11 | PVI | ECG‐gated 64‐slice MDCT; early phase | 0.6 | LA/LAAT+SEC |
| Homsi 46 | 2016 | Prospective | 124 | 83 | 58±12 | AF/stroke | 64‐Slice MDCT; early phase | 0.9 | LAAT+SEC |
| Lazoura 11 | 2016 | Retrospective | 122 | 78 | 60 | PVI | ECG‐gated DSCT; late phase | 0.5 | LAAT |
| Wang 47 | 2016 | Retrospective | 831 | 75 | 61±10 | PVI | Non–ECG‐gated 64 slice; MDCT; early phase | 0.625 | LAAT+SEC |
| Zhai 48 | 2017 | Retrospective | 783 | 72 | 55±11 | PVI | ECG‐gated 64 slice; MDCT; late phase | 0.625 | |
| Kottmaier 49 | 2019 | Prospective | 622 | 69 | 60±10 | PVI |
ECG‐gated (patient in sinus rhythm) and nongated (patients in AF) 64‐slice DSCT early phase image |
0.6 | LAT |
| Kuronuma 12 | 2019 | Prospective | 81 | 75 | 68±11 | PVI | ECG‐gated CCT; late phase | N/A | LAAT |
| Li 50 | 2019 | Prospective | 302 | 54 | 64±7 | PVI | 64‐Slice DSCT; late phase | 0.6 | LAAT |
| Guha 51 | 2020 | Retrospective | 480 | 66 | 63 | PVI | 64‐Slice MDCT; early phase | 0.63 | LAAT |
| Spagnolo 10 | 2020 | Prospective | 260 | 77 | 59±11 | PVI | ECG‐gated 64‐slice CCT; late phase | N/A | LAAT |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; CCT, cardiac CT; CCTA, coronary CT angiography; CT, computed tomography; DCCV, direct current cardioversion; DSCT, dual‐source CT; ECG, electrocardiogram; EBCT, electron‐beam CT; LAAT, left atrial appendage thrombus; LAT, left atrial thrombus; MDCT, multidetector CT; N/A, not available; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; SEC, spontaneous echo contrast; and TEE, transesophageal echocardiography.