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. 2021 Nov 19;10(23):e022560. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022560

Figure 1. Mendelian randomization model of obstructive sleep apnea and risk of atrial fibrillation.

Figure 1

The design is under the assumption that the genetic variants are associated with obstructive sleep apnea, but not with confounders, and the genetic variants influence atrial fibrillation only through obstructive sleep apnea. SNP indicates single nucleotide polymorphism.