Table 1.
Participant (maternal and infant) characteristics.
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| Maternal | |
| Age (years) | 28 (26,31) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.0 (19.4, 22.9) |
| Han ethnicity | |
| Yes | 1,407 (97.9%) |
| No | 30 (2.1%) |
| Tertiary-level education | |
| Yes | 903 (63.1%) |
| No | 527 (36.9%) |
| Household income | |
| <7,000 yuan/month | 279 (19.5%) |
| 7,000–10,000 yuan/month | 514 (35.9%) |
| >10,000 yuan/month | 637 (44.5%) |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | |
| Yes | 349 (27.7%) |
| No | 912 (72.3%) |
| Gestational weight gain (g/week) | 8.9 (3.8) |
| Preeclampsia | |
| Yes | 21 (1.7%) |
| No | 1,201 (98.3%) |
| Infant | |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.6 (38.9, 40.3) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 642 (51.4%) |
| Female | 607 (48.6%) |
| Birthweight (g) | 3,303 (433) |
| Placental weight (g) | 550 (510, 600) |
| Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) | |
| Yes | 47 (3.8%) |
| No | 1,184 (96.2%) |
| Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) | |
| Yes | 121 (9.8%) |
| No | 1,110 (90.2%) |
| Macrosomia | |
| Yes | 59 (4.8%) |
| No | 1,172 (95.2%) |
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | 2.67 (2.53, 2.81) |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) | 7.90 (6.80, 9.50) |
| Tricep skinfold thickness (mm) | 12.99 (2.55) |
| Mid-arm circumference (mm) | 13.22 (1.28) |
| Bayley Scales of Infant Development | |
| Psychomotor development index standardized score | 86 (77, 96) |
| Mental development index standardized score | 95 (84, 106) |
Non-normal data were reported as medians [lower quartile (LQ), upper quartile (UQ)] and normally distributed data were reported as mean (± standard deviation).