Figure 3. Bar plot chart with studies evaluating the prevalence of CMD assessed by invasive (different shades of red) and noninvasive (different shades of blue) methods.

Solid gray line illustrates the 42% pooled prevalence of CMD, and the dashed lines illustrate 95% CIs. CFR indicates invasive measurement of coronary flow reserve, Doppler, and thermodilution method; CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; IMR, index of microcirculatory resistance; PET, positron emission tomography; and SPECT, myocardial perfusion imaging on single photon emission computed tomography.