Table 1.
Study Population With Initial Demographic, Clinical, and CMR Imaging Data
| Parameter | All patients (N=296) |
Patients without event (N=277) |
Patients with event (N=19) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Data available | 283 (96) | 265 (96) | 18 (95) |
| TOF/pulmonary stenosis | 260 (92) | 243 (92) | 17 (94) |
| TOF/PA | 23 (8) | 22 (8) | 1 (6) |
| Age at CMR, y | 16.0 (7.0–58.0) | 16.0 (7.0–58.0) | 16.0 (8.0–44.0) |
| Age at corrective surgery, y | 1.0 (0.1–28.0) | 1.0 (0.1–28.0) | 1.0 (0.1–19.0) |
| Type of repair, n (%) | |||
| Data available | 258 (87) | 240 (87) | 18 (95) |
| Without TAP | 143 (55) | 131 (55) | 12 (67) |
| TAP | 62 (24) | 58 (24) | 4 (22) |
| TAP and pulmonary artery plasty | 53 (21) | 51 (21) | 2 (11) |
| Time from repair, y | 14 (6–48) | 14 (6–48) | 15 (8–35) |
| Follow‐up, y | 10.1 (0.1–12.9) | 10.1 (0.1–12.9) | 10.1 (0.6–12.9) |
| PVR during follow‐up, n/total (%) | 119/292 (41) | 105/274 (38) | 14/18 (78) |
| Clinical status and history | |||
| Initial palliation, n/total (%) | 67/282 (24) | 60/264 (24) | 7/18 (39) |
| Previous PVR, n/total (%) | 70/296 (24) | 62/277 (22) | 8/19 (42) |
| NYHA>class I, n/total (%) | 96/296 (32) | 86/277 (31) | 10/19 (52) |
| 12‐Lead ECG: QRS duration, ms | 147±22 | 147±22 | 146±26 |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise test | |||
| Peak VO2 at VAT, mL/min per kg | 23.8±7.5 | 24.0±7.4 | 21.6±9.0 |
| Peak VO2, mL/min per kg | 31.1±8.4 | 31.3±8.2 | 26.4±10.7 |
| Peak heart rate, /min | 172 (79–204) | 172 (79–204) | 170 (89–197) |
| Echocardiography | |||
| Peak RVOT gradient, mm Hg | 20.7±14.9 | 20.0±14.3 | 29.9±19.3 |
| Tricuspid valve regurgitation>moderate, n/total (%) | 22/211 (10) | 19/195 (10) | 3/16 (19) |
| CMR study | |||
| RVEDVi, mL/m2 | 116 (67–242) | 115 (67–242) | 119 (84–224) |
| RVESVi, mL/m2 | 57 (20–186) | 56 (20–161) | 66 (26–186) |
| RVSVI, mL/m2 | 60±16 | 60±16 | 60±13 |
| RVEF, % | 51±9 | 51±9 | 47±12 |
| PR, % | 27 (0–65) | 27 (0–65) | 28 (1–54) |
| RV mass, g/m2 | 33 (10–103) | 33 (10–103) | 35 (24–71) |
| RV mass/volume ratio | 0.29 (0.08–0.74) | 0.22 (0.08–0.74) | 0.30 (0.16–0.66) |
| LVEDVi, mL/m2 | 82 (43–195) | 81 (43–126) | 87 (60–195) |
| LVESVi, mL/m2 | 34 (17–166) | 34 (17–91) | 37 (22–166) |
| LVSVI, mL/m2 | 47 (23–87) | 47 (23–87) | 47 (28–68) |
| LVEF, % | 58 (15–74) | 58 (20–74) | 56 (15–69) |
| LV mass, g/m2 | 54 (30–127) | 54 (30–109) | 55 (33–127) |
| LV mass/volume ratio | 0.69±0.18 | 0.69±0.18 | 0.69±0.20 |
| Feature tracking analysis | |||
| RV‐LS, % | −12.9±4.6 | −13.1±4.5 | −9.9±5.0 |
| RV‐CS, % | −15.2±4.1 | −15.4±4.0 | −13.3±5.1 |
| LV‐LS, % | −13.8±5.0 | −14.0±4.9 | −12.1±6.5 |
| LV‐CS, % | −20.7±4.8 | −21.0±4.3 | −16.9±7.8 |
| LV‐RS, % | 25.3±8.8 | 25.6±8.5 | 21.2±11.4 |
| RV EDSR LS, 1/s | 0.67 (0.22–3.76) | 0.92 (0.22–3.76) | 0.96 (0.49–2.37) |
| RV EDSR CS, 1/s | 0.93 (0.29–2.71) | 0.93 (0.29–2.71) | 0.90 (0.45–1.43) |
| LV EDSR LS, 1/s | 1.08 (0.25–4.03) | 1.07 (0.25–4.03) | 1.22 (0.28–1.81) |
| LV EDSR CS, 1/s | 1.49 (0.41–2.76) | 1.52 (0.46–2.73) | 1.34 (0.41–2.76) |
| Interventricular dyssynchrony LS, ms | 44 (0–607) | 42 (0–607) | 26 (0–235) |
| Interventricular dyssynchrony CS, ms | 46 (0–159) | 46 (0–159) | 48 (0–124) |
Data are displayed as mean with 1 SD or as median (range). CMR indicates cardiovascular magnetic resonance; CS, circumferential strain; EDSR, early diastolic strain rate; LS, longitudinal strain; LV, left ventricular; LVEDVi, indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVESVi, indexed left ventricular end‐systolic volume; LVSVi, indexed left ventricular stroke volume; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PA, pulmonary atresia; PR, pulmonary regurgitation; PVR, pulmonary valve replacement; RS, radial strain; RV, right ventricular; RVEDVi, indexed right ventricular end‐diastolic volume; RVESVi, indexed right ventricular end‐systolic volume; RVSVi, indexed right ventricular stroke volume; RVEF, RV ejection fraction; RVOT, RV outflow tract; TAP, transannular patch; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot; VAT, ventilator anaerobic threshold; and VO2, oxygen uptake.