Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics According to Vasodilator Use
| Unadjusted data (n=1895) | Matched data (n=686) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Vasodilator (n=1536) |
No vasodilator (n=359) |
P value | SMD |
Vasodilator (n=343) |
No vasodilator (n=343) |
P value | SMD | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age, y | 54.9 (11.3) | 55.6 (11.5) | 0.311 | −0.061 | 55.6 (10.5) | 55.7 (11.4) | 0.881 | −0.009 |
| Male sex | 972 (63.3) | 199 (55.4) | 0.006 | 0.161 | 191 (55.7) | 192 (56.0) | 0.939 | −0.006 |
| Medical history | ||||||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 194 (12.6) | 42 (11.7) | 0.631 | 0.028 | 40 (11.7) | 41 (12.0) | 0.906 | −0.009 |
| Stable CAD | 93 (6.1) | 21 (5.8) | 0.883 | 0.013 | 18 (5.2) | 20 (5.8) | 0.739 | −0.026 |
| History of percutaneous coronary intervention | 37 (2.4) | 3 (0.8) | 0.062 | 0.128 | 6 (1.7) | 3 (0.9) | 0.314 | 0.071 |
| Hypertension | 584 (38.0) | 136 (37.9) | 0.961 | 0.002 | 122 (35.6) | 130 (37.9) | 0.526 | −0.048 |
| Diabetes | 150 (9.8) | 28 (7.8) | 0.250 | 0.071 | 23 (6.7) | 28 (8.2) | 0.467 | −0.057 |
| Dyslipidemia | 260 (16.9) | 50 (13.9) | 0.167 | 0.083 | 52 (15.2) | 50 (14.6) | 0.830 | 0.017 |
| Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter | 12 (0.8) | 6 (1.7) | 0.118 | −0.081 | 3 (0.9) | 3 (0.9) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 24 (1.6) | 8 (2.2) | 0.378 | −0.044 | 6 (1.7) | 6 (1.7) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Thyroid disease | 52 (3.4) | 13 (3.6) | 0.825 | −0.011 | 13 (3.8) | 10 (2.9) | 0.525 | 0.050 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 23 (1.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0.160 | 0.088 | 5 (1.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0.254 | 0.088 |
| Hypothyroidism | 17 (1.1) | 9 (2.5) | 0.040 | −0.105 | 6 (1.7) | 6 (1.7) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Chronic airway disease | 21 (1.4) | 5 (1.4) | 0.970 | 0 | 5 (1.5) | 5 (1.5) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Familial history of CAD | 94 (6.1) | 15 (4.2) | 0.155 | 0.086 | 21 (6.1) | 15 (4.4) | 0.304 | 0.076 |
| Current or ex‐smoking | 650 (42.3) | 136 (37.9) | 0.125 | 0.090 | 126 (36.7) | 131 (38.2) | 0.693 | −0.031 |
| Past medication | ||||||||
| Aspirin | 318 (20.7) | 66 (18.4) | 0.325 | 0.058 | 59 (17.2) | 64 (18.7) | 0.619 | −0.039 |
| Thienopyridine | 55 (3.6) | 15 (4.2) | 0.589 | −0.031 | 13 (3.8) | 14 (4.1) | 0.844 | −0.015 |
| Calcium‐channel blocker | 317 (20.6) | 50 (13.9) | 0.004 | 0.178 | 60 (17.5) | 50 (14.6) | 0.298 | 0.079 |
| Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker | 262 (17.1) | 69 (19.2) | 0.331 | −0.055 | 53 (15.5) | 64 (18.7) | 0.264 | −0.085 |
| Beta blocker | 109 (7.1) | 36 (10.0) | 0.060 | −0.104 | 28 (8.2) | 34 (9.9) | 0.424 | −0.059 |
| Statin | 242 (15.8) | 49 (13.6) | 0.319 | 0.062 | 48 (14.0) | 48 (14.0) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Initial presentation | ||||||||
| Chest pain | 1422 (92.6) | 318 (88.6) | 0.013 | 0.137 | 313 (91.3) | 308 (89.8) | 0.515 | −0.051 |
| Angina class >2 | 1032 (67.2) | 252 (70.2) | 0.272 | −0.065 | 236 (68.8) | 241 (70.3) | 0.678 | −0.033 |
| Dyspnea | 87 (5.7) | 23 (6.4) | 0.588 | −0.029 | 16 (4.7) | 21 (6.1) | 0.398 | −0.062 |
| Syncope | 20 (1.3) | 4 (1.1) | 0.774 | 0.018 | 6 (1.7) | 4 (1.2) | 0.524 | 0.042 |
| Cardiac arrest | 17 (1.1) | 10 (2.8) | 0.016 | −0.123 | 7 (2.0) | 6 (1.7) | 0.779 | 0.022 |
| Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation | 6 (0.4) | 6 (1.7) | 0.006 | −0.128 | 4 (1.2) | 2 (0.6) | 0.412 | 0.064 |
| ST‐segment–elevation during chest pain | 90 (5.9) | 15 (4.2) | 0.210 | 0.078 | 25 (7.3) | 15 (4.4) | 0.103 | 0.124 |
| ST‐segment depression during chest pain | 13 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 0.628 | −0.030 | 2 (0.6) | 4 (1.2) | 0.412 | −0.064 |
| T‐wave inversion during chest pain | 40 (2.6) | 7 (1.9) | 0.473 | 0.047 | 8 (2.3) | 7 (2.0) | 0.794 | 0.021 |
Values are expressed as mean (SD) or n (%). CAD indicates coronary artery disease; and SMD, standardized mean difference.