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. 2022 Mar 18;11(7):e022852. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022852

Table 11.

Association Between Circulating Plasma Ceramides and CED

Adjusted model Odds ratio 95% CI P value
1
Age 0.99 0.95–1.04 0.819
Sex 0.82 0.29–2.31 0.704
Plasma ceramide 18:0, μmol/L 7.26×105 1.32–3.99×1011 0.045
2
Age 1.00 0.95–1.04 0.897
Sex 0.85 0.28–2.59 0.777
Hypertension 0.61 0.25–2.59 0.285
Diabetes 0.75 0.20–2.88 0.677
Hyperlipidemia 1.25 0.43–3.63 0.679
Lipid‐lowering drug use 1.50 0.55–4.04 0.428
Plasma ceramide 18:0, μmol/L 4.73×105 0.49–4.55×1011 0.063
3
Age 1.00 0.96 –1.05 0.875
Sex 0.76 0.25–2.35 0.640
Hypertension 0.69 0.27–1.75 0.439
Diabetes 0.68 0.17–2.74 0.592
Hyperlipidemia 1.00 0.30–3.30 0.996
Lipid‐lowering drug use 1.82 0.57–5.87 0.311
LDL cholesterol 1.03 0.99–1.08 0.154
Non‐HDL cholesterol 0.97 0.93–1.01 0.182
Plasma ceramide 18:0, μmol/L 1.10×107 0.87–1.40×1014 0.052
1
Age 0.99 0.95–1.04 0.824
Sex 0.69 0.23–2.10 0.516
Plasma ceramide 24:0, μmol/L 2.12 1.10–4.08 0.024
2
Age 1.00 0.95–1.05 0.940
Sex 0.80 0.24–2.65 0.716
Hypertension 0.51 0.19–1.34 0.172
Diabetes 0.82 0.21–3.29 0.783
Hyperlipidemia 1.22 0.40–3.75 0.723
Lipid‐lowering drug use 1.84 0.64–5.29 0.255
Plasma ceramide 24:0, μmol/L 2.33 1.15–4.72 0.019
3
Age 1.01 0.96–1.06 0.804
Sex 0.76 0.23–2.53 0.658
Hypertension 0.57 0.21–1.54 0.268
Diabetes 0.77 0.19–3.10 0.709
Hyperlipidemia 1.09 0.33–3.63 0.892
Lipid‐lowering drug use 1.86 0.56–6.16 0.309
LDL cholesterol 1.00 0.96–1.05 0.908
Non‐HDL cholesterol 1.00 0.96–1.04 0.938
Plasma ceramide 24:0, μmol/L 2.23 1.07–4.66 0.033
1
Age 1.00 0.96–1.05 0.956
Sex 0.61 0.20–1.84 0.377
Plasma ceramide 16:0, μmol/L 7.64×104 4.71–1.24×109 0.023
2
Age 1.00 0.96–1.05 0.868
Sex 0.67 0.20–2.27 0.521
Hypertension 0.48 0.18–1.27 0.139
Diabetes 0.88 0.22–3.56 0.859
Hyperlipidemia 1.30 0.41–4.07 0.658
Lipid‐lowering drug use 1.69 0.57–5.02 0.342
Plasma ceramide 16:0, μmol/L 3.06×105 7.64–1.22×10 t 0.019
3
Age 1.01 0.97–1.07 0.565
Sex 0.65 0.19–1.07 0.489
Hypertension 0.54 0.20–1.43 0.214
Diabetes 0.79 0.19–3.28 0.750
Hyperlipidemia 1.28 0.38–4.35 0.689
Lipid‐lowering drug use 1.54 0.46–5.13 0.481
LDL cholesterol 1.00 0.96–1.05 0.922
Non‐HDL cholesterol 0.99 0.96–1.03 0.736
Plasma ceramide 16:0, μmol/L 1.91×106 11.93–3.07×1011 0.018

Logistic regression models consecutively adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and lipids. HDL indicates high‐density lipoprotein; and LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.