Table 3.
Colonization and fitness factors (adapted from Kaper et al. (2004)).
| Virulence factor | Pathotype/pathovar | Effect(s) |
|---|---|---|
| icsA/virG | EIEC | Nucleates actin filaments |
| Intimin | EPEC/EHEC | Adhesin, inducing TH1 response |
| Dr adhesins | DAEC/UPEC | Adhesin, binds to decay-accelerating factor and activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, induces MHC class I chain-related gene A |
| P (Pap) fimbriae | UPEC | Adhesin, also induces cytokine expression |
| Colonization factor antigens | ETEC | Adhesin |
| S fimbriae | UPEC/NMEC | Adhesin |
| Bundle-forming pili (BFP) | EPEC | Type IV pili |
| Aggregative adherence fimbriae | EAEC | Adhesin |
| paa | EPEC/EHEC | Adhesin |
| toxB | EHEC | Adhesin |
| Efa-1/LifA | EHEC | Adhesin |
| Long polar filaments | EHEC/EPEC | Adhesin |
| saa | EHEC | Adhesin |
| ompA | NMEC/EHEC | Adhesin |
| Curli | Various | Adhesin, binds to fibronectin |
| ibeA/B/C | NMEC | Stimulates invasion |
| aslA | NMEC | Stimulates invasion |
| Dispersin | EAEC | Stimulates colonization; facilitates mucous penetration |
| K antigen capsules | MNEC | Antiphagocytic activity |
| Aerobactin | EIEC | Siderophore, iron acquisition |
| Yersiniabactin | Various | Siderophore, iron acquisition |
| ireA | UPEC | Siderophore, iron acquisition |
| iroN | UPEC | Siderophore, iron acquisition |
| chu (shu) | EIEC/UPEC/NMEC | Siderophore, iron acquisition |
| Flagellin | All | Motility, inducing cytokine expression through Toll-like receptors |
| Liposaccharides | All | Inducing cytokine expression through Toll-like receptors |
Please see Table 2 for the full names of the pathovars/pathotypes.