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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 6.

Published in final edited form as: Tob Regul Sci. 2020 Jul;6(4):266–278. doi: 10.18001/trs.6.4.4

Table 3.

The Estimated Effects of the Adjusted Covariates on the MA Exposure Latent Variable

Covariate	CPD model			TNE model
Covariate	γ^a (95% CI)	z-value (p)		γ (95% CI)	z-value (p)
Age (year)	0.01 (0.01, 0.02)	6.69 (< .01)		0.01 (0.00, 0.01)	4.41 (< .01)
Female	0.28 (0.18, 0.38)	5.36 (< .01)		−0.06 (−0.03, 0.14)	−1.32 (0.19)
Race (reference: white)
Black	0.02 (−0.19, 0.22)	0.15 (0.88)		0.06 (−0.10, 0.22)	0.76 (0.45)
Other races	0.04 (−0.15, 0.24)	0.45 (0.66)		0.08 (−0.07, 0.24)	1.07 (0.29)
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.02 (−0.03, −0.02)	−6.13 (< .01)		−0.006 (−0.011, −0.000)	−1.92 (0.05)
Menthol preference	0.17 (0.07, 0.28)	3.19 (< .01)		0.11 (0.02, 0.20)	2.53 (0.01)

Note.

^a:

γ: standardized effect estimation.