MiRNAs and lncRNAs involved in determining cell fate of MSC.

Type	Name	Cell fate determination of MSCs	Main mechanism	Key references
MiRNA	miR-346	Promotes osteogenic differentiation	Suppresses the expression of GSK-3β protein and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway	45
	miR-155	Inhibits osteogenic differentiation	Targets Runx2 and BMPR2, and downregulates their expression	48
	miR-181a	Promotes osteoblast differentiation	Targets the negative regulator of Tgfbi and TβR-I/Alk5 to degrade it	49
	miR-34a	Inhibits osteogenic differentiation	Reduces the expression of JAG1 of the ligand for Notch1	52
	miR-130a and miR-27b	Promote osteogenic differentiation	Promote the expression of Runx2 and Osterix and inhibit the expression of PPARγ	53
	miR-145	Inhibits osteogenic differentiation	Targets semaphorin 3A	54
	miR-21	Promotes osteogenic differentiation	Inhibits the BMP/Smads signaling pathway under the interaction of Smad7. Promotes maxillofacial bone regeneration via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/HIF-1α pathway	50 and 55
	miR-148b-3p	Promotes osteogenic differentiation	Increases alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I	56
	Mmu-miR-185	Promotes osteogenic differentiation	Via the Bgn-mediated BMP/Smad pathway	57
	miR-381	Inhibits osteogenic differentiation	Upregulates PPARγ via suppressing Wnt signaling pathway	58
	miR-27a	Inhibits adipocyte differentiation	Targets 3′ UTR of PPARγ to degrade it	52
	miR-223	Regulates adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation	Targets a novel C/EBPs/miR-223/FGFR2 regulatory feedback loop	53
	miR-214-5p	Promotes adipogenic differentiation; attenuates the osteogenic differentiation	Promotes adipogenic differentiation by regulating TGF-β/Smad2/COL4A1 signaling pathway; inhibits ALP, Runx2, OC and COL1 expression	61
	miR-143	Promotes adipogenesis differentiation	Targets the MAPK7 to repress it	62
	miR-148a	Promotes adipogenic differentiation	Represents a CREB-modulated miRNA that acts to repress Wnt1	57
	miR-210	Promotes adipogenic differentiation	Promotes adipogenesis by repressing Wnt signaling through targeting Tcf7l2	58
	miR-29a and miR 29b	Inhibits cartilage differentiation	Target 3′ UTR of Col2a1 encoding type II collagen	67
	miR-495 and miRNA-574-3p	Suppress chondrogenic differentiation	Target Sox9	68 and 69
	miR-181a	Suppress cartilage differentiation	Suppresses the expression of two genes, CCN1 and a major cartilaginous proteoglycan, aggrecan;	63
	miR-181b	Suppress cartilage differentiation	Reduces MMP-13 expression while inducing type II collagen expression	64
	miR-377	Promotes chondrogenic differentiation	Regulates TGFBR2 expression and modulates the expression of cartilage-specific genes such as AGC1 in C-28/I2	72
	miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424 and miR-542-5p	Promote differentiation into hepatocytes	Unknown	73
	miR-133	Promotes differentiation into cardiomyocytes	Decreases cell apoptosis	74
	let-7f-5p	Promotes differentiation into nerve-like-cells	Directly targets Par6α	75
LncRNA	lncRNA-ANCR	Inhibits osteogenic differentiation	Targets miR-758 and miR-758, regulates Notch2 expression by targeting 3′-UTR of Notch2, Wnt signaling pathway is activated by lncRNA-ANCR/RNAi	78 and 84
	lncRNA H19	Promotes osteogenic differentiation	Mediates LCoR through sponging miR-188	79
	lncRNA-HULC and lncRNA-MALAT1	Promote osteoblast differentiation	lncRNA-HULC acts through sponging miR-195 and enhances activation of Wnt/β-catenin and p38MAPK pathway; lncRNA – MALAT1 regulates Osx expression through targeting miR-143	82 and 83
	TUG1	Promotes osteogenic differentiation	Promotes osteogenic differentiation though suppressing Lin28A	85
	lncAK141205	Facilitates osteogenic differentiation	LncAK141205 promotes CXCL13 expression by acetylation of H4 histone	86
	lncRNA MIAT	Inhibits osteogenic differentiation	Unknown	88
	lncRNA H19	Inhibits adipogenic differentiation	Sponge microRNA-675 and miR-675 targetes the 3′ UTRs of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4–6 transcripts	91
	lnc-ADNCR	Inhibits adipogenic differentiation	Through sponging miR-204 and promotes the expression of SIRT1, then the NCoR and SMART were blocked to repress PPARγ activity	92
	lncRNA Gm15290	Promotes adipogenic differentiation	Sponges miR-27b to promote PPARγ activity	93
	lnc-GAS5	Inhibits adipogenic differentiation	Acts as a sponge for miR-18a and suppresses CTGF protein translation	94
	lincRNA-Para1	Promote adipogenic differentiation	Activates the PPARγ through interacting with the RBM14/NCoAA	95
	lncRNA NEAT1	Promotes adipogenic differentiation	Interacts with NEAT1 and lead to increase NEAT1 expression	96
	lncRNA HOXA11-AS1	Promotes adipogenic differentiation	Suppresses the transcription genes of CEBP-α, DGAT2, CIDEC, and perilipin	97
	lncRNA MIR31HG	Inhibits adipocyte differentiation	Reduces the enrichment of active H3K4me3 and AcH3, FABP4	98
	lncRNA-DANCR	Promotes proliferation and chondrogenesis	Upregulates the expression of Smad3 and STAT3	100
	lncRNA-ROCR	Promotes proliferation and chondrogenesis	Upregulates SOX9	101
	lncRNA-ZBED3-AS1	Promotes cartilage formation	Increases zbed3 expression	102
	lncRNA H19	Promotes chondrogenic differentiation	Competes miRNA regulation of STAT2	103
	lncRNA MIAT	Promotes differentiation into endothelial cells	Targets miR-200a	104
	lncRNA MEG3	Promotes differentiation into endothelial cells	Decreases VEGF expression via facilitating FOXM1 ubiquitination	105
	lncRNA MALAT1	Promotes differentiation hepatocytes	β-Catenin-coordinated lncRNA MALAT1/miR-217 axis	106
	lncRNA Braveheart	Promotes differentiation into cardiomyocytes	Enhances the expression of cardiac-specific transcription factors and EMT-associated genes	107
	lncRNA H19	Promotes differentiation into nerve cells	Function through miRNA-675/IGFR axis	108