Table 4.
Univariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Diabetes Retinopathy and Diabetes Nephropathy Compared Between Young-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients
| Diabetes retinopathy (DR) | ||||||
| T1DM | T2DM | |||||
| No DR (n= 219) | DR (n=26) | p-value | No DR (n= 80) | DR (n=8) | p-value | |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 9.5±5.1 | 14.0±6.7 | 0.002* | 16.8±6.4 | 18.5±7.8 | 0.469 |
| Duration of DM, years | 7.7 (4.5,11.7) | 19.1 (13.9,24.6) | <0.001* | 4.8 (1.3,8.3) | 16.0 (13.1,19.6) | <0.001* |
| Latest HbA1c, % | 8.4±1.8 | 7.9±1.1 | 0.050 | 7.9±2.2 | 8.9±2.1 | 0.290 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.1±4.1 | 22.9±4.7 | 0.350 | 31.6± | 28.3±9.2 | 0.236 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 132 (60.3) | 18 (69.2) | 0.376 | 47 (58.8) | 6 (75) | 0.469 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 36 (16.4) | 11 (42.3) | 0.003* | 39 (48.8) | 6 (75) | 0.267 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 8 (3.7) | 9 (34.6) | <0.001* | 28 (35) | 5 (62.5) | 0.145 |
| Diabetes nephropathy (DN) | ||||||
| T1DM | T2DM | |||||
| No DN (n= 222) | DN (n=25) | p-value | No DN (n= 49) | DN (n=33) | p-value | |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 10.0±5.1 | 12.2±6.2 | 0.063 | 16.4±6.1 | 17.8±6.4 | 0.314 |
| Latest HbA1c, % | 8.3±1.6 | 8.8±2.3 | 0.328 | 7.7±2.4 | 8.6±1.9 | 0.087 |
| Duration of DM, years | 7.9 (4.6,12.5) | 13.8 (9.2,20.7) | <0.001* | 4.3 (0.9,8.3) | 5.7 (4.0,9.4) | 0.143 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.1±4.0 | 23.7±3.9 | 0.051 | 30.2±6.9 | 31.9±6.9 | 0.298 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 133 (59.9) | 18 (72.0) | 0.240 | 23 (46.9) | 21 (63.6) | 0.137 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 40 (18.0) | 9 (36.0) | 0.059 | 20 (40.8) | 24 (72.7) | 0.004* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (4.1) | 8 (32.0) | <0.001* | 14 (28.6) | 18 (54.5) | 0.018* |
Note: Data were presented as mean ± SD and median (IQR) as appropriate. *Significant at p-value < 0.05.