TABLE 1.

Patient Demographics and Prehospital Characteristic Differences Between Rural and Urban Patients

	Rural (n = 116,501)	Urban (n = 336,611)	Absolute Standardized Difference
Age	52 (32–73)	53 (32–76)	0.052
Sex (male)	71,320 (61.2%)	201,381 (59.8%)	0.028
ISS	9 (5–16)	9 (5–17)	0.057
GCS ≤ 13	11,643 (20.1%)	37,018 (18.7%)	0.034
SBP <90 mmHg	2,272 (3.7%)	9,742 (4.9%)	0.062
RR <10 or >29 bpm	4,832 (7.9%)	11,746 (5.8%)	0.083
Penetrating injury	5,438 (4.7%)	35,423 (10.5%)	0.222*
Flail chest	1,038 (0.9%)	2,076 (0.6%)	0.032
Open skull fracture	1,220 (1.0%)	4,371 (1.3%)	0.023
≥2 long bone fractures	2,313 (2.0%)	6,365 (1.9%)	0.007
Pelvic fracture	9,125 (7.8%)	23,935 (7.1%)	0.027
Crush injury	452 (0.4%)	892 (0.3%)	0.022
Amputation	259 (0.2%)	509 (0.2%)	0.016
Paralysis	608 (0.5%)	1,650 (0.5%)	0.004
Distance (miles)	30.7 (17.4, 47.9)	7.5 (4.0, 14.9)	1.025*
Prehospital time (minutes)	59 (46, 81)	42 (32, 54)	0.473*
HEMS transport	27,290 (31.0%)	22,410 (8.4%)	0.593*
Undertriage	9,985 (8.6%)	11,293 (3.4%)	0.222*
Mortality	5,911 (5.1%)	20,041 (6.0%)	0.039

^*Absolute values for the standardized difference > 0.1 represent significant imbalance between groups in the distributions of the variable indicated.

Continuous variables presented as median (IQR).

Categorical variables presented as n (%).

SBP, systolic blood pressure; RR, respiratory rate.