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. 2022 May 6;12:7484. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11632-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phylogenetic tree of lactic acid bacteria producing α-Gal based on the alignment of the partial 16S rRNA sequences of the LAB isolates from this study. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.95913905 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the p-distance method and are in the units of the number of base differences per site. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. E. coli ATCC_117775T was used as an out group while LAB producing α-Gal was annotated with pink and blue colored bullets. Evolutionary analyses were conducted using MEGA6.