Fig. 3. (a) ¹³C NMR spectrum of CGONP in D₂O. (b) ¹H NMR spectrum of CGONP in D₂O. The molecular weight was determined using Knauer gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The obtained molecular weight (M_w) for CGNP was about 3474.5 g mol⁻¹ (Fig. 4a). After adding oleic acid, the molecular weight of CGONP increased and became about 4315.8 g mol⁻¹ (Fig. 4b).