Fig. 1. Schematic of the phage electrospinning. M13 phage has (A) rod like structure, and its aggregation typically forms (B) nematic or cholesteric structure. (C) POM image of phage droplet electrospinning showing a Taylor cone transitioning from cholesteric phage solution, which was typically observed in 30–80 mg ml⁻¹ phage concentration, into a highly crystalized state (68.4 mg ml⁻¹ 12.5 mM, TBS).