Table 3.
Examples of Functional Surface Modifications of QDs and Their Applications
| Core/Multilayer Shell | Surface Modification | Target Receptor | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs | Folic acid | Folate receptors | [63] |
| Graphene QDs (GQDs) | Anti-EGFR antibody | EGFR | [130] |
| Cd/Se | Aptamer 32 | EGFRVIII in glioma cells | [131] |
| CdSe/ZnS | Dendrimer linked to PEG-folate | Folate receptors | [64] |
| Cd/Se QDs | PEG-Folic acid | Folate receptors | [65] |
| CdSe/ZnS | Peptide E5 | Chemokine receptor 4 | [132] |
| Gold QDs (AuQDs) | Cold atmospheric plasma | Fas/TRAIL-mediated cell death receptor | [133] |
| Carbon QDs (CQDs) | Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 | Retinoic acid receptor | [134] |
| Cd/Se | Anti-VEGFR Antibodies | VEGFR | [135] |
| Cd/Se | Vapreotide | Somatostatin receptors | [66,107] |
| Ag2S QDs | ZEGFR1907 antibody | EGFR | [136] |
| GQDs | Reduced graphene | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor | [137] |
| Cd/Se | Synaptic proteins | Neurotransmitter receptors | [138] |
Abbreviations: EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; PEG, polyethylene glycol; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.