Table 1. Biodemographic Characteristics of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Hospitalizations.

Variables	1998	2003	2008	2013	2018
ALC hospitalizations	46,186	49,144	49,254	46,864	69,970
ALC hospitalizations per 100,000a	136	133	129	132	197
Mean age (years) ± SE	53.3 ± 0.2	52.8 ± 0.2	53.3 ± 0.2	53.6 ± 0.1	54.4 ± 0.1
Males (%)	72.9	74.9	74.7	72.8	70.5
Females (%)	27.1	25.1	25.3	27.2	29.5
Race (%)
White	55.0	49.5	56.8	63.7	64.1
Black	8.6	8.4	6.9	8.2	8.4
Hispanic	12.1	17.9	14.2	18.4	18.7
Others	24.3	24.2	22.2	9.7	8.8
Charlson comorbidity index score
0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
1	23.1	22.1	18.8	15.3	15.4
2	7.8	9.2	7.1	6.2	6.9
≥ 3	69.1	68.7	74.1	78.5	77.7
Median household income quartiles for patient’s zip code (%)
1	11.6	33.5	32.1	33.5	32.3
2	34.9	27.9	28.8	26.5	27.5
3	29.4	23.7	21.5	23.6	22.9
4	24.2	14.9	17.7	16.5	17.3
Insurance (%)
Medicare	31.0	27.6	27.6	27.8	28.1
Medicaid	27.5	30.9	28.9	31.8	36.9
Private	29.2	27.8	29.0	23.0	24.0
Self-pay	12.3	13.8	14.5	17.5	10.9
Bed size of the hospital (%)
Small	13.1	9.8	8.6	11.2	17.8
Medium	25.5	27.0	23.3	27.2	28.6
Large	61.4	63.3	68.1	61.6	53.6
Location/Teaching status of the hospital (%)
Rural	11.2	11.9	8.1	7.2	4.9
Urban non-teaching	38.8	40.2	41.0	37.2	20.2
Urban teaching	50.0	47.9	50.9	55.6	74.9
Region of the hospital (%)
Northeast	17.9	19.3	17.4	17.4	17.4
Midwest	19.7	16.5	18.4	18.4	20.0
South	38.2	39.4	41.4	40.8	40.0
West	24.4	24.8	22.8	23.4	22.6

^aPer 100,000 hospitalizations; derived from HCUP-US database. SE: standard error.