Table 9.

Anti-inflammatory activity of components from A. pilosa.

A. pilosa extract	Experimental model	Test dose range	Contrast	Route of administration	Pharmacological action	Mechanism of action	References
Agrimonolide	LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells	0, 20, 40, 60, 80 μg/ml	Negative control	NS	Anti-inflammatory	NO scavenging, COX-2/inos↓, NF-κB ↓, MAPKs↓, JAK-STATs↓	[35]
Agrimonolide-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells	50, 100, 200 μg/ml	4-Ethyl-2-hydroxyamino-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (200 μM)	NS	NO scavenging	NS	[47]
Agrimonolide-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside	LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells	25, 50, 100 μg/ml	Negative control	NS	NO production decreasing	NS	[35]
Pilosanol N	LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 macrophages	25, 50, 100 μg/ml	NOR3 (200 μM)	NS	NO scavenging	May contribute to the catechol group (3′, 4′-OH) of the B ring in the structure	[67]
Pilosanol N	LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages	25, 50, 100 μg/ml	IFN-γ and l-arginine	NS	NO production decreasing	iNOS↑and may also contribute to NF-κB/NO signaling disrupting	[67]