Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| First author | Gender male (%) |
Age, mean (yrs) | Duration of diabetes, median (years) | BMI, mean (kg/m2) | History of smoking (%) | Hypertension (%) | History of CVD (%) | HbA1C, median (%) | Baseline mean eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 24 h Proteinuria/UPCR, median(g/g) | UACR, median(mg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamanouchi [32] | 78 | 59 | 14 | 24 | 61 | NA | 24 | 7.3 | 39 | NA | 1400 |
| Hsing [33] | 52.9 | 63.28 ± 12.75 | NA | 25.5 | NA | 44.12 | 16.3 | 7.9 | NA | NA | NA |
| Zhao [34] | 75 | 51 | 10 | 25.19 | 48.5 | 79.1 | NA | 7.7 | 58.02 | 3.6 | NA |
| Mottl [35] | 61.2 | 61 | 10.75 | 32.4 | NA | NA | 36 | 8.3 | 89.3 | NA | 19.6 |
| Zhang [36] | 68.8 | 52.6 | 6.2 | 25.3 | 45.9 | 84.6 | NA | 7.36 | 65.9 | 4.55 | NA |
| Hung [37] | 62.3 | 64.2 | >8 years | 25.5 | 13.8 | 67.1 | 27.4 | 7.6 | 33.7 | 0.92 | NA |
| Alwakeel [38] | 47.2 | 66.9 | 15.4 | 28.6 | NA | 84.4 | NA | NA | 50.35 | NA | NA |
| Hong [39] | 48.8 | 63.4 | 8.9 | 31.7 | 59.9 | 65 | 38.8 | NA | 85.9 | NA | 5.8 |
| Lin [40] | 56.3 | 65.76 | NA | 25.96 | 26.7 | 91.3 | NA | 7.57 | 46.7 | NA | NA |
| Park [41] | 47.2 | 57.9 | 9.6 | 24.8 | NA | 48.5 | NA | 8.1 | 76.75 | NA | 24.2 |