Performance comparison of different methods for detection of p-NA.

Methods	Linear range	Detection limit	Real sample	Ref.
Triphenylamine-functionalized luminescent sensor	0–122.0 μM	72.0 nM	—	37
Glassy carbon electrode	0.01–7.0 μM	8.0 nM	Lake water	38
Fluorescence probe-based nitrogen-doped carbon dots	0–50.0 mM	1.0 μM	Lake water, soil	39
MIPIL microspheres	10.0 nM to 10.0 M	9.0 nM	Waste water	40
GQDs@MIP	0–15.0 μM	7.0 nM	Tap water, lake water, fish	This work