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. 2022 May 6;12:7419. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11407-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of ROCK-is on the mRNA expression of major ER stress related genes in 2D cultured human corneal stromal fibroblasts (HCSFs). In the absence or presence of 1 μM or 10 μM ROCK-is, ripasudil (Rip) or KD025, 2D cultures HCSFs at Day 6 were subjected to qPCR analyses to estimate the expression of mRNA of major ER stress related genes of three master regulators, i.e., the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and their downstream factors including the glucose regulator protein (GRP)78, GRP94, the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). All experiments were performed in duplicate using fresh preparations (n = 5, each condition). Data are presented as the arithmetic mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005, ****P < 0.001 (ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s multiple comparison test).