Table 12.
Influence of biochar addition on gaseous emissions during the composting process
| Composting substrates | Biochar features | Reduction in gaseous emissions (%) | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Dosage (%) | Pyrolysis temperature | Particle size (mm) | Carbon dioxide | Methane | Ammonia | Nitrous oxide | ||
| Sawdust and poultry manure | Straw | 10 (w/w) | 450–500 °C | ≤ 2 | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 12.4 | Not mentioned | Zhang et al. (2020b) |
| Wheat straw and poultry manure | Bamboo | 2–10 (dry weight) | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 5.5–72.6 | 12.5–72.9 | 19.0–77.4 | 12.4–81.6 | Awasthi et al. (2020) |
| Chicken manure and wheat straw | Chicken manure | 2–10 (dry weight) | 550–600 °C | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 20.5–61.5 | 19.2–48.1 | 4.7–15.1 | Chen et al. (2020c) |
| Sawdust and pig manure | Bamboo | 5 (dry weight) | Not mentioned | 2–3 | Not mentioned | 54.4 | 12.4 | 36.1 | Mao et al. (2018) |
| Sawdust and layer manure | Cornstalk, bamboo, wood and layer manure | 10 (dry weight) | 450–500 °C | ≤ 2 | Not mentioned | 15.5–26.1 | 9.2–24.8 | Not mentioned | Chen et al. (2017b) |
| Wheat straw and sewage sludge | Wheat straw | 2–18 (dry weight) | 500–600 °C | 2–5 | Not mentioned | 92.8–95.3 | 58.0–65.2 | 95.1–97.3 | Awasthi et al. (2017b) |
| Sugarcane straw and poultry litter | Green waste and poultry litter | 10 (dry weight) | 550 °C | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 77.8–83.3 | 54.9–60.2 | 68.2–74.9 | Agyarko-Mintah et al. (2017) |
| Solid sewage waste and green waste | Holm oak | 10 (dry weight) | 650 °C | Not mentioned | 52.9 | 95.1 | Not mentioned | 14.2 | Vandecasteele et al. (2016) |
| Rice chaff and cattle manure | Wheat straw | 3 (dry weight) | 450 °C | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 54.1 | Li et al. (2016) |
| Barley straw and poultry manure | Hardwood and softwood (4:1) | 27.4 (dry weight) | 500–700 °C | ≤ 16 | 21.5–22.9 | 77.9–83.6 | 35.3–43.0 | 16.1–35.3 | Chowdhury et al. (2014) |
| Sawdust, pig manure and wood chips | Bamboo | 3 (dry weight) | 600 °C | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | 25.9 | Wang et al. (2013) |
The addition of biochar significantly reduced the gaseous emissions produced during the composting process, thereby having a beneficial effect on the environment. The optimal dosage for adding biochar is approximately 10 g L−1