Table 3.
Predictors of progression-free survivals in patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitor plus proton beam radiotherapy
| Variable | Number | Median PFS (95% CI) (months) | Crude HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjust HR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||||
| < 60 | 11 | 14.5 (2.8 to 26.2) | Reference | 0.588 | ||
| ≥ 60 | 18 | 14.6 (7.1 to 22.1) | 0.771 (0.300-1.980) | |||
| ECOG PS | ||||||
| 0 | 16 | 14.5 (12.7 to 16.3) | Reference | 0.334 | ||
| 1 | 13 | 25.2 (NE to 67.2) | 0.589 (0.201-1.723) | |||
| ALBI grade | ||||||
| 1 | 17 | 15.9 (11.2 to 20.5) | Reference | 0.127 | ||
| 2 | 12 | 3.7 (NE to 7.5) | 2.074 (0.813-5.290) | |||
| AFP* | ||||||
| < 400 | 17 | 14.5 (9.0 to 20.0) | Reference | 0.788 | ||
| ≥ 400 | 11 | 14.6 (2.8 to 26.4) | 1.150 (0.416-3.180) | |||
| Macrovascular invasion | ||||||
| No | 12 | 7.3 (1.6 to 12.9) | Reference | 0.054 | Reference | 0.011 |
| Yes | 17 | 17.6 (12.8 to 22.3) | 0.366 (0.132-1.016) | 0.158 (0.038-0.658) | ||
| Extrahepatic spreading | ||||||
| No | 12 | 12.5 (2.0 to 23) | Reference | 0.296 | ||
| Yes | 17 | 15.9 (11.3 to 20.4) | 0.608 (0.239-1.545) | |||
| Tumor size | ||||||
| < 5 cm | 10 | 25.2 (6.5 to 43.9) | Reference | 0.143 | ||
| ≥ 5 cm | 19 | 13.4 (10.5 to 16.3) | 2.119 (0.776-5.785) | |||
| PBT BED | ||||||
| < 96.6 | 8 | 7.3 (NE to 15.4) | Reference | 0.079 | Reference | 0.431 |
| ≥ 96.6 | 21 | 14.6 (9.6 to 19.6) | 0.370 (0.122-1.123) | 0.431 (0.388-9.186) | ||
| PBT goal | ||||||
| Curative-intent | 13 | 27.2 (10.0 to 44.5) | Reference | 0.062 | Reference | 0.069 |
| Palliative-intent | 16 | 13.4 (2.9 to 23.9) | 2.731 (0.949-7.859) | 3.837 (0.899-16.377) | ||
| Systemic line | ||||||
| 1st line | 21 | 14.6 (9.7 to 19.5) | Reference | 0.057 | Reference | 0.147 |
| ≥ 2nd line | 8 | 7.3 (NE to 18.8) | 2.693 (0.970-7.476) | 2.602 (0.715-9.469) | ||
| ICIs regiments | ||||||
| Single-agent | 17 | 14.6 (3.2 to 26.0) | Reference | 0.725 | ||
| Combo-agents | 12 | 13.4 (9.6 to 17.3) | 0.838 (0.312-2.246) |
Abbreviations: PFS, Progression Free Survival; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; ALBI, Albumin-Bilirubin Index; AFP, Alpha-fetoprotein; PBT, Proton Beam Radiotherapy; BED, Biological Effective Dose; ICI, Immune Check Point Inhibitor; NE, Not Estimable; NR, Not Reached.
*
One patient missing baseline AFP data.