Table 1.
Demographics of study patient cohorts.
| (A) Comparison of male and female fetuses in each gestation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester (N = 110) | Third trimester (N = 44) | |||||
| Female | Male | P | Female | Male | P | |
| N | 57 | 53 | 18 | 26 | ||
| Maternal age, years | 37.8 (2.9) | 37.5 (3.1) | 0.61 | 37.2 (2.5) | 37.3 (3.4) | 0.45 |
| Paternal age, years | 39.5 (4.6) | 39.4 (5.1) | 0.96 | 39.4 (4.8) | 38.0 (4.8) | 0.51 |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 53 (93.0%) | 53 (100%) | 0.12 | 13 (72.2%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.45 |
| Non-Hispanic | 55 (96.5%) | 52 (98.1%) | 1 | 14 (77.8%) | 21 (80.8%) | 1 |
| Paternal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 54 (94.7%) | 50 (94.3%) | 1 | 15 (83.3%) | 22 (84.6%) | 1 |
| Non-Hispanic | 56 (98.3%) | 51 (96.2%) | 0.61 | 15 (83.3%) | 21 (80.8%) | 1 |
| Fetal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 53 (93.0%) | 50 (94.3%) | 1 | 12 (66.7%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.51 |
| Non-Hispanic | 55 (96.5%) | 51 (96.2%) | 1 | 13 (72.2%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.74 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0 (3.4) | 21.8 (3.4) | 0.54 | 23.9 (4.6) | 24.0 (4.8) | 0.98 |
| Maternal preexisting medical conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Pregnancy complications | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 3 (16.7%) | 5 (19.2%) | 1 |
| Diabetes | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.42 | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.9%) | 1 |
| Placenta previa | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.9%) | 1 |
| Placental abruption | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Hypertension management in pregnancy | ||||||
| Anti-hypertensives | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (7.7%) | 1 |
| Any magnesium use (ante- or postpartum) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 2 (11.1%) | 4 (15.4%) | 1 |
| Mode of delivery- Cesarean section | 19 (33.3%) | 14 (26.4%) | 0.45 (chi2) | 7 (38.9%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.59 (chi2) |
| Gestational age at delivery, days | 276.2 (7.0) | 276.3 (7.0) | 0.95 | 278.8 (5.2) | 275.0 (9.3) | 0.13 |
| Birthweight, g | 3342.0 (430.1) | 3536.0 (481.3) | 0.03*, (ttest) | 3397.6 (409.5) | 3525.5 (504.1) | 0.48 |
| (B) Comparison of sex-specific first and third trimester samples | ||||||
| Female (N = 75) | Male (N = 79) | |||||
| First | Third | P value | First | Third | P value | |
| N | 57 | 18 | 53 | 26 | ||
| Maternal age, years | 37.8 (2.9) | 37.2 (2.5) | 0.34 | 37.5 (3.1) | 37.3 (3.4) | 0.87 |
| Paternal age, years | 39.5 (4.6) | 39.4 (4.8) | 0.79 | 39.4 (5.1) | 38.0 (4.8) | 0.27 |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 53 (93.0%) | 13 (72.2%) | 0.03* | 53 (100%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.01* |
| Non-Hispanic | 55 (96.5%) | 14 (77.8%) | 0.03* | 52 (98.1%) | 21 (80.8%) | 0.01* |
| Paternal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 54 (94.7%) | 15 (83.3%) | 0.15 | 50 (94.3%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.21 |
| Non-Hispanic | 56 (98.3%) | 15 (83.3%) | 0.04* | 51 (96.2%) | 21 (80.8%) | 0.04* |
| Fetal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | 53 (93.0%) | 12 (66.7%) | 0.01* | 50 (94.3%) | 20 (76.9%) | 0.053 |
| Non-Hispanic | 55 (96.5%) | 13 (72.2%) | 0.007* | 2 (3.8%) | 6 (23.1%) | 0.014* |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0 (3.4) | 23.9 (4.6) | 0.11 | 21.8 (3.4) | 24.0 (4.8) | 0.03* |
| Maternal preexisting medical conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Thyroid disorder | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.14 | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.087 |
| Pregnancy complications | ||||||
| Hypertension | 0 (0%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.012* | 0 (0%) | 5 (19.2%) | 0.003* |
| Diabetes | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (3.9%) | 1 |
| Placenta previa | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.9%) | 0.55 |
| Placental abruption | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Hypertension management in pregnancy | ||||||
| Anti-hypertensives | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.24 | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.11 |
| Any magnesium use (ante- or Postpartum) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.055 | 0 (0%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.003* |
| Mode of delivery- Cesarean section | 19 (33.3%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.67 (chi2) | 14 (26.4%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.72 (chi2) |
| Gestational age at delivery, days | 276.2 (7.0) | 278.8 (5.2) | 0.099 | 276.3 (7.0) | 275.0 (9.3) | 0.84 |
| Birthweight, g | 3342.0 (430.1) | 3397.6 (409.5) | 0.77 | 3536.0 (481.3) | 3525.5 (504.1) | 0.93 |