Table 3.
Risk Factors for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Middle-aged Subjects and Elderly Subjects.
| Risk factors | Middle age (40 yrs–59 yrs) |
Elderly (≥60 yrs) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n-76) | Controls (n-41) | P value | Cases (n-42) | Controls (n-18) | P value | |
| Dyslipidemia∗ {n (%)} | 16 (21%) | 06 (15%) | 0.397 | 09 (24%) | 05 (28%) | 0.745 |
| Family history of dyslipidemia {n (%)} | 06 (08%) | 05 (12%) | 0.447 | 04 (9.5%) | 03 (17%) | 0.430 |
| Diabetes mellitus {n (%)} | 38 (50%) | 13 (32%) | 0.057 | 23 (55%) | 03 (17%) | 0.006 |
| Family history of DM {n (%)} | 18 (25%) | 06 (15%) | 0.192 | 17 (40%) | 02 (11%) | 0.025 |
| Obesity {n (%)} | 38 (51%) | 16 (39%) | 0.204 | 25 (57%) | 07 (39%) | 0.195 |
| Family history of obesity {n (%)} | 17 (22%) | 02 (05%) | 0.014 | 08 (19%) | 00 (0%) | 0.047 |
| Hypertension {n (%)} | 16 (21%) | 09 (22%) | 0.910 | 16 (38%) | 06 (33%) | 0.726 |
| Family history of hypertension {n (%)} | 07 (9%) | 02 (05%) | 0.401 | 06 (14%) | 02 (11%) | 0.740 |
| Metabolic syndrome {n (%)} | 45 (59%) | 18 (44%) | 0.113 | 32 (76%) | 08 (44%) | 0.017 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl, mean ± SD) | 122 ± 45 | 110 ± 42 | 0.192 | 126 ± 40 | 118 ± 54 | 0.522 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl, mean ± SD) | 90 ± 41 | 77 ± 43 | 0.120 | 89 ± 33 | 86 ± 39 | 0.787 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl, mean ± SD) | 37 ± 15 | 33 ± 17 | 0.181 | 34 ± 15 | 36 ± 19 | 0.683 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl, mean ± SD) | 71 ± 35 | 68 ± 30 | 0.668 | 76 ± 31 | 71 ± 42 | 0.592 |
| Glucose-fasting (mean ± SD) mg/dl | 116 ± 31 | 118.6 ± 54 | 0.763 | 118 ± 37 | 100 ± 21 | 0.058 |
| Glucose-postprandial (mean ± SD) mg/dl | 182 ± 83 | 178.4 ± 82.08 | 0.810 | 182 ± 65 | 153 ± 47 | 0.087 |
| Duration of DM in years{median (IQR)} | 6 (0) | 5 (0) | 0.376 | 10 (1) | 7 (0) | 0.151 |
| Weight {kg, median (range)} | 67.6 (40.3–100.8) | 64 (45–83.5) | 0.109 | 67.15 (42–95) | 62.5 (46–90.1) | 0.390 |
| Waist-hip ratio {median (range)} | 1.02 (0.89–2.0) | 1.02 (0.91–1.11) | 0.532 | 1.02 (0.91–1.17) | 1.03 (0.97–1.03) | 0.451 |
| BMI∗ {kg/m2, median (range)} | 25.1 (16.6–35.7) | 23.6 (18.8–32.9) | 0.085 | 25.3 (19–35.3) | 23.65 (17.3–31.1) | 0.171 |
| Lifetime weight as obese (years, mean ± SD) | 5.5 ± 5.7 | 3.3 ± 5.2 | 0.045 | 6.6 ± 7.0 | 2.8 ± 5.0 | 0.044 |
| Premorbid weight (kg, mean ± SD) | 69.1 ± 13.5 | 63.3 ± 9.2 | 0.015 | 70.3 ± 13.1 | 64.0 ± 12.1 | 0.087 |
| ≥3 risk factors {n (%)} | 18 (25%) | 09 (22%) | 0.411 | 15 (36%) | 05 (28%) | 0.102 |