Table 1.
Characteristics of Studies Evaluating Reagent Strips for the Detection of SBP.
| Study | Type | Country | Study type | Strip type | Analyze method | Start date | End date | Mean age (years) | Sample size (n) | Most common etiology of cirrhosis | Location | Child-Pugh score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (n) | B (n) | C (n) | ||||||||||||
| Ahmed et al.19 | Full paper | Egypt | Prospective | Aution Sticks | Visual | NR | NR | NR | 100 | NR | IP | NR | NR | NR |
| Al Sawaf et al.20 | Full paper | Egypt | Prospective | Combur 10 | Visual | Jan 2010 | Dec 2012 | 51 ± 11 | 168 | Hepatitis C | IP | 0 | 16 | 152 |
| Braga et al.21 | Full paper | Brazil | Prospective | Combur 10 | Visual | Mar 2004 | Aug 2004 | 51.7 | 42 | Alcohol | IP, OP | 0 | 23 | 19 |
| Butani et al.22 | Full paper | USA | NR | Multistix | Visual | NR | NR | NR | 75 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Campillo et al.23 | Full paper | France | NR | Multistix Combur 10 | Visual | Dec 2003 | Feb 2005 | 57 ± 12 | 116 | Alcohol | IP | 0 | 38 | 78 |
| Castellote et al.24 | Full paper | NR | Prospective | Aution Sticks | Visual | NR | NR | 59 ± 13 | 128 | Alcohol | IP | 0 | 46 | 82 |
| Chinnock et al.25 | Full paper | India | Prospective | Peri-screen | Visual | Apr 2016 | Jan 2018 | 56 ± 10 | 282 | Alcohol | ER | NR | NR | NR |
| Chugh et al.26 | Full paper | India | NR | Multistix | Visual | NR | NR | 44 ± 15 | 103 | Alcohol | NR | 0 | 48 | 55 |
| De Araujo et al.27 | Full paper | Brazil | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Jun 2006 | Apr 2007 | 55 ± 11 | 71 | Hepatitis C | IP, OP | 0 | 27 | 39 |
| Gaya et al.28 | Full paper | United Kingdom | Cross-Sectional | Multistix | Analyzer | NR | NR | 57 ± 11 | 105 | Alcohol | IP, OP | NR | NR | 80 |
| Jha et al.29 | Full paper | India | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Apr 2005 | Jun 2007 | 44 ± 13 | 100 | Alcohol | IP | 0 | 27 | 73 |
| Jothimani et al.30 | Abstract | India | NR | Peri-screen | Visual | June 2016 | Mar 2017 | 52 | 72 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Khatwani et al.31 | Full paper | Pakistan | Cross-Sectional | Multistix | Visual | Jan 2009 | Jun 2009 | 45 ± 15 | 94 | Hepatitis C | IP | NR | NR | NR |
| Kim et al.32 | Full paper | Korea | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Dec 2003 | Mar 2004 | 57 ± 9 | 53 | Hepatitis B | IP | 0 | 21 | 32 |
| Li et al.33 | Abstract | NR | NR | Multistix | Visual | NR | NR | 46 | 84 | NR | IP | NR | NR | NR |
| Nalmpantidis et al.34 | Abstract | Greece | Prospective | Aution Sticks | NR | NR | NR | 70 | 43 | NR | NR | 14 | 17 | 12 |
| Nousbaum et al.35 | Full paper | France | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Jan 2004 | May 2004 | 60 | 1041 | Alcohol | IP, OP | 0 | 470 | 571 |
| Oey et al.36 | Full paper | Netherlands | Prospective | Combur 10 | Visual Analyzer | Jul 2006 | Jul 2007 | 51 ± 10 | 52 | Alcohol | IP, OP | NR | NR | NR |
| Rerknimitr et al. (2006)37 | Full paper | Thailand | NR | Combur 10 | Visual | Jul 2004 | Jul 2007 | 57 ± 13 | 127 | Hepatitis B | NR | 3 | 34 | 90 |
| Rerknimitr et al. (2010)38 | Full paper | Thailand | Prospective | Aution Sticks Combur 10 Multistix | Visual | Sep 2006 | Dec 2008 | 59 ± 12 | 143 | Hepatitis B | NR | 0 | 58 | 85 |
| Ribeiro et al.39 | Full paper | Brazil | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Apr 2003 | Dec 2004 | 54 ± 12 | 106 | Alcohol | IP, OP | 10 | 89 | 101 |
| Sapey (JGH-1) et al.40 | Full paper | France, USA | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | NR | NR | 60 ± 11 | 53 | Alcohol | OP | 3 | 18 | 32 |
| Sapey (JGH-2) et al.40 | Full paper | France, USA | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | NR | NR | 51 ± 13 | 23 | Alcohol | IP | 0 | 10 | 13 |
| Sapey (LI) et al.41 | Full paper | France | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | NR | NR | 55 ± 11 | 51 | Alcohol | IP, OP | 6 | 20 | 25 |
| Sarwar et al.42 | Full paper | Pakistan | Cross-Sectional | Combur 10 | Visual | Nov 2003 | Aug 2004 | 52 ± 10 | 214 | NR | ER, IP, OP | NR | NR | NR |
| Tellez et al.43 | Full paper | Mexico | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Mar 2005 | Feb 2007 | 54 | 138 | Hepatitis C | ER | 4 | 51 | 83 |
| Thévenot et al. (2004)44 | Full paper | France | Prospective | Combur 10 Multistix | Visual | Apr 2002 | Apr 2003 | 59 ± 10 | 31 | Alcohol | IP, OP | 0 | 10 | 21 |
| Thévenot et al. (2016)45 | Full paper | France | Prospective | Peri-screen | Visual | Mar 2014 | Aug 2015 | 61 ± 10 | 649 | Alcohol | IP, OP | NR | NR | NR |
| Torun et al.46 | Full paper | Turkey | NR | Aution Sticks | Visual | Apr 2005 | Jul 2006 | 59 ± 12 | 63 | Hepatitis B | IP | 0 | 25 | 38 |
| Vanbiervliet et al.47 | Full paper | France | Prospective | Multistix | Visual | Sep 2000 | May 2001 | 62 ± 14 | 72 | Alcohol | IP | 0 | 28 | 44 |
| Wisniewski et al.48 | Abstract | France | NR | Multistix | Visual | Jun 2003 | May 2004 | NR | 47 | NR | IP | NR | NR | NR |
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ER, emergency room; IP, inpatient; OP, outpatient; NR, not reported; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.