Table 3.
Hierarchical Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis of Baseline Predictors of Symptomatic, Functional, and Personal Recovery
| Symptomatic recovery (n = 126) | Functional recovery (n = 128) | Personal recovery (n = 126) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1 (demographics) | |||
| Parental socioeconomic status | 0.56 (0.41–0.76)c | 0.57 (0.42–0.77)c | 0.71 (0.52–0.96)a |
| High school | ‒ | ‒ | 1.66 (1.10–2.56)a |
| Step 2 (familial risk) | |||
| Family history of SSD | 0.40 (0.23–0.70)b | 0.46 (0.27–0.80)b | 0.44 (0.26–0.75)b |
| Step 3 (early risk factors) | |||
| Developmental delay at age 3 | 0.83 (0.70–0.98)a | 0.74 (0.61–0.89)b | 0.74 (0.62–0.89)b |
| Step 4 (intermediate risk factors) | |||
| Childhood adversity | 1.02 (1.01–1.04)a | 1.03 (1.02–1.04)a | 1.02 (1.01–1.04)a |
| Step 5 (proximal risk factors) | |||
| Drug use | 1.24 (1.13–1.37)c | 1.25 (1.13–1.38)c | 1.23 (1.11–1.35)c |
| Acute psychosocial stressors | 1.15 (1.02–1.32)a | 1.15 (1.01–1.31)a | ‒ |
| Step 6 (illness-onset features) | |||
| Age at illness onset | 1.04 (1.02–1.06)b | ‒ | 1.03 (1.02–1.05)c |
| Duration of untreated continuous psychosis | 0.47 (0.27–0.81)b | 0.34 (0.18–0.63)b | ‒ |
| Step 7 (first-episode characteristics) | |||
| Spontaneous dyskinesia/parkinsonism | 0.87 (0.79–0.95)b | ‒ | |
| Neurological soft signs | ‒ | 0.94 (0.92–0.97)c | ‒ |
a P < .05.
b P < .01.
c P < .001.
Note: SSD, schizophrenia spectrum disorders.