Table 3.
Adjusted prevalence ratio (APR)a for hepatitis B vaccination (≥3 dose) among adults aged ≥18 years, 2018 NHIS
| 18–59 years | ≥60 years | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With diabetes | Without diabetes |
With diabetes | Without diabetes | ||
| Characteristic | APR (95% CI) | APR (95% CI) | APR (95% CI) | APR (95% CI) | |
| Age | |||||
| 18–29 | 2.03 (1.46, 2.81) b | 2.09 (1.90, 2.29) b | NA | NA | |
| 30–49 | 1.12 (0.87, 1.45) | 1.42 (1.31, 1.55) b | NA | NA | |
| 50–59‡ | Reference | Reference | NA | NA | |
| 60–64 | NA | NA | 1.51 (1.10, 2.08) b | 1.42 (1.22, 1.66) b | |
| ≥65 | NA | NA | Reference | Reference | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 0.84 (0.66, 1.06) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) | 1.06 (0.80, 1.39) | 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) b | |
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.61 (0.40, 0.93) b | 0.85 (0.76, 0.96) b | 1.36 (0.88, 2.10) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.07) | |
| Hispanic | 0.63 (0.40, 0.98) b | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.27) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.36) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.00 (0.59, 1.69) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 1.01 (0.47, 2.19) | 1.03 (0.70, 1.53) | |
| Non-Hispanic Other | 0.66 (0.40, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 1.23 (0.56, 2.72) | 1.20 (0.73, 1.99) | |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 1.18 (0.91, 1.53) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 1.05 (0.78, 1.40) | 0.82 (0.70, 0.95) b | |
| Never married | 1.14 (0.88, 1.48) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.04) | 1.08 (0.70, 1.65) | 0.76 (0.59, 0.98) b | |
| Education | |||||
| High school or less | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Some college or college graduate | 1.62 (1.21, 2.17) b | 1.33 (1.24, 1.44) b | 1.42 (1.03, 1.97) b | 1.53 (1.28, 1.84) b | |
| Above college graduate | 1.31 (0.82, 2.09) | 1.49 (1.35, 1.64) b | 1.43 (0.90, 2.28) | 1.84 (1.47, 2.29) b | |
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) | 0.93 (0.87, 1.01) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.58) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.14) | |
| Not employed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Poverty level | |||||
| At or above federal poverty line | 0.98 (0.73, 1.33) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | 0.89 (0.57, 1.41) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) | |
| Below federal poverty line | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Region | |||||
| Northeast | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Midwest | 1.07 (0.75, 1.54) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 1.07 (0.70, 1.63) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.41) | |
| South | 0.97 (0.71, 1.33) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 0.67 (0.43, 1.04) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.10) | |
| West | 1.17 (0.80, 1.70) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.26) b | 1.24 (0.81, 1.91) | 1.24 (0.99, 1.54) | |
| US born status | |||||
| U.S. born | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| no U.S born | 1.27 (0.89, 1.80) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.97) b | 0.83 (0.47, 1.46) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.41) | |
| Physician contacts in the past 12 months | |||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| 1 | 0.85 (0.47, 1.54) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.37, 3.03) | 0.86 (0.62, 1.18) | |
| 2–3 | 1.34 (0.83, 2.15) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.20) | 1.33 (0.51, 3.45) | 0.88 (0.66, 1.18) | |
| 4–9 | 1.01 (0.63, 1.62) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) | 1.27 (0.49, 3.24) | 0.86 (0.64, 1.14) | |
| ≥10 | 1.08 (0.66, 1.78) | 1.22 (1.09, 1.37) b | 1.16 (0.45, 2.98) | 0.88 (0.64, 1.19) | |
| Hospitalization in the past 12 months | |||||
| Yes | 1.06 (0.79, 1.41) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.96 (0.70, 1.33) | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Usual place for healthcare | |||||
| Yes | 1.29 (0.75, 2.22) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.74 (0.49, 6.23) | 1.05 (0.69, 1.61) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Health insurance | |||||
| Yes | 1.14 (0.81, 1.61) | 1.18 (1.06, 1.32) b | 1.93 (0.48, 7.68) | 1.36 (0.75, 2.47) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Ever tested for HIV | |||||
| Yes | 1.26 (1.01, 1.57) b | 1.23 (1.16, 1.30) b | 2.15 (1.65, 2.81) b | 1.83 (1.58, 2.12) b | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Healthcare personnel | |||||
| Yes | 1.96 (1.51, 2.55) b | 1.91 (1.80, 2.04) b | 2.33 (1.51, 3.58) b | 2.52 (2.12, 3.00) b | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Ever lived with a hepatitis patient | |||||
| Yes | 1.43 (1.01, 2.02) b | 1.35 (1.21, 1.50) b | 1.50 (0.98, 2.30) | 1.52 (1.15, 2.01) b | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Travelersc | |||||
| Yes | 1.49 (1.18, 1.87) b | 1.28 (1.21, 1.36) b | 1.45 (1.08, 1.95) b | 1.40 (1.21, 1.63) b | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Received influenza vaccination in past 12 months | |||||
| Yes | 0.97 (0.79, 1.21) | 1.19 (1.13, 1.26) b | 1.36 (0.96, 1.91) | 1.42 (1.21, 1.66) b | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Persons with chronic liver diseases | |||||
| Yes | 1.39 (0.89, 2.15) | 0.85 (0.61, 1.17) | 1.56 (0.81, 3.00) | 1.26 (0.71, 2.24) | |
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
Adjusted estimates control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational level, employment status, poverty level, region of residence, U.S. born status, number of physician contacts in the previous year, hospitalization in the past year, usual place for health care, health insurance status, ever tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), health care personnel status, ever lived with a hepatitis patient, travel status, received influenza vaccination in past 12 months, and persons with chronic liver diseases.
p<0.05 by t test for comparisons within each variable with the indicated reference level.
Persons traveled outside the United States to countries other than Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada since 1995 were considered having traveled to countries with high or intermediate hepatitis B virus endemicity.
NA: Not applicable.