. 2022 May 7;21(2):272–286. doi: 10.1002/wps.20971

Table 5.

Significant predictors of patient‐level treatment helpfulness decomposed through associations with the helpfulness of individual professionals and persistence in help‐seeking pooled across diagnostic categories and number of professionals seen

	Patient‐level treatment helpfulness				Helpfulness of individual professionals				Persistence in help‐seeking after prior unhelpful treatment
	%	SE	RR	95% CI	%	SE	RR	95% CI	%	SE	RR	95% CI
Focal diagnostic category
Major depressive disorder	28.3	0.6	1.19^*	1.12‐1.26	26.6	0.8	1.11^*	1.02‐1.21	24.8	0.9	1.08^*	1.04‐1.11
Bipolar disorder
Major depressive episode	3.1	0.2	0.94	0.75‐1.17	3.9	0.5	0.85	0.62‐1.16	4.2	0.6	1.06	0.97‐1.16
Mania/hypomania	6.1	0.3	1.11	0.98‐1.27	6.4	0.4	1.08	0.91‐1.29	6.4	0.4	1.03	0.95‐1.12
Generalized anxiety disorder	19.0	0.4	1.19^*	1.12‐1.27	20.0	0.6	1.11^*	1.01‐1.21	19.4	0.7	1.07^*	1.04‐1.10
Post‐traumatic stress disorder	6.0	0.3	0.99	0.83‐1.17	5.6	0.3	1.14	0.89‐1.46	5.7	0.3	0.93	0.84‐1.02
Specific phobia	12.8	0.4	0.88^*	0.77‐0.99	12.0	0.8	0.86^*	0.73‐1.00	12.8	1.1	1.01	0.94‐1.08
Social phobia	13.4	0.4	1.16^*	1.08‐1.24	14.2	0.6	1.11^*	1.01‐1.22	14.2	0.7	1.05^*	1.01‐1.08
Alcohol use disorder	11.4	0.5	0.68^*	0.58‐0.79	11.4	0.7	0.81^*	0.67‐0.98	12.6	0.9	0.81^*	0.75‐0.87
X ² ₇			60.7^*				18.6^*				54.4^*
Socio‐demographics
Mean age at starting treatment	33.2	0.2	1.03^*	1.01‐1.06	31.9	0.3	1.09^*	1.06‐1.12	31.3	0.4	0.99	0.98‐1.01
X ² ₁			6.9^*				30.9^*				1.0
Education
Level among non‐students	2.3	0.0	1.02^*	1.00‐1.05	2.3	0.0	1.05^*	1.02‐1.08	2.2	0.0	1.00	0.99‐1.01
Student status	12.7	0.5	0.97	0.87‐1.07	14.6	1.1	0.94	0.82‐1.08	16.1	1.3	1.00	0.95‐1.05
X ² ₂			11.8^*				25.5^*				0.2
Prior history of comorbid disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder	12.8	0.5	0.93^*	0.87‐0.99	14.7	0.9	0.91^*	0.84‐1.00	15.6	1.2	0.97	0.94‐1.00
Substance abuse without dependence	5.5	0.4	1.11^*	1.02‐1.20	6.7	0.9	1.05	0.93‐1.18	7.1	1.1	1.04^*	1.00‐1.08
X ² ₁₀			20.1^*				27.2^*				14.4
Treatment type
Mental health specialty sector + medication	51.0	0.9	1.20^*	1.12‐1.27	61.1	1.2	0.88^*	0.81‐0.95	62.0	1.4	1.19^*	1.15‐1.23
Complementary/alternative medicine	19.0	0.7	1.08^*	1.03‐1.14	25.7	1.2	0.88^*	0.82‐0.94	27.4	1.4	1.06^*	1.04‐1.08
Multiple	59.8	0.8	1.11^*	1.03‐1.20	70.0	1.0	1.04	0.94‐1.16	71.4	1.3	1.18^*	1.12‐1.24
X ² ₅			194.0^*				85.5^*				481.1^*
Treatment timing
Treatment delay	9.6	0.2	0.96^*	0.94‐0.98	9.0	0.2	0.98	0.95‐1.01	9.1	0.3	0.97^*	0.96‐0.98
X ² ₁			14.0^*				1.6				19.7^*

significant at the 0.05 level, SE – standard error, RR – adjusted risk ratio, CI – confidence interval