Table 1.

Small molecules and/or agents for activation of autophagy in the context of AML treatment

Agents	Known for	Mechanism	Outcome/effects	Study model	Ref
Vitamin D		Inhibition of miR-17-5p and induction of Beclin-1,	Inhibition of cell proliferation	HL-60, AML patients sample	[149]
Dendrogenin A	A mammalian cholesterol metabolite	LXRβ-dependent sensitization of AML cells to Ara-C in vitro and in vivo	Potentiation of Ara-C cytotoxicity	HL-60, KG1, MV4-11, AML patients samples, AML xenograft in mice	[185]
		Inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt and JNK to maximize the idarubicin induced DNA damage and lethal autophagy	Potentiation of Idarubicin-induced cell death	KG1α, KG1, MOLM14, OCI-AML3, AML patients samples, xenograft in mice	[184]
		LXRβ-, Nur77-, and NOR1-dependent induction of lethal autophagy	Anti-leukemic effect	KG1, HL-60, AML patients samples, AML xenograft in mice	[186]
Dihydroartemisinin	Anti-malarial drug	Inhibition of mTOR/p70S6k signaling and activation of AMPK leading to autophagy dependent ferroptosis	Induction of ferroptosis, inhibition of cell/xenograft growth	HL-60, KG1, THP-1, AML xenograft in mice	[187]
AC-73	Specific inhibitor of CD147	Inhibition of ERK/STAT3 signaling and potentiation of ATO-induced autophagy	Inhibition of cell proliferation	U937, NB4, HL-60, MV4-11, AML patients samples	[188]

LXRβ oxysterols receptor LXR-beta, Ara-C cytarabine, JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase, Nur77 transcription factors NR4A1, NOR1 transcription factors NR4A3, CD147 cluster of differentiation 147, ATO arsenic trioxide