Table 1.
Characteristics of participants according to OHRQoL by OHIP-14K (N = 675)
| Variable | N | OHRQoL | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fair (n = 385) | Poor (n = 290) | |||
| Age, year | 675 | 76.08 ± 5.24 | 76.16 ± 5.40 | 0.848 |
| Gender | 0.047 | |||
| Men | 219 | 137 (62.6) | 82 (37.4) | |
| Women | 456 | 248 (54.4) | 208 (45.6) | |
| Educational level | 0.008 | |||
| Middle school or less | 512 | 279 (54.5) | 233 (45.5) | |
| High school or more | 152 | 102 (67.1) | 50 (32.9) | |
| Not informed | 11 | 4 (36.7) | 7 (63.6) | |
| Alcohol drinking | 0.007 | |||
| No | 219 | 112 (51.1) | 107 (48.9) | |
| Yes | 438 | 267 (60.9) | 171 (39.1) | |
| Not informed | 18 | 6 (33.3) | 12 (66.7) | |
| Smoking | 0.631 | |||
| No | 443 | 270 (61.0) | 208 (39.0) | |
| Yes | 202 | 119 (55.4) | 83 (44.6) | |
| Not informed | 30 | 15 (50.0) | 15 (50.0) | |
| Periodontitis | 0.126 | |||
| No | 123 | 79 (64.2) | 44 (35.8) | |
| Yes | 490 | 268 (54.7) | 222 (45.3) | |
| Not informed | 62 | 38 (61.3) | 24 (38.7) | |
| Metabolic syndrome | 0.072 | |||
| No | 294 | 156 (53.1) | 138 (46.9) | |
| Yes | 381 | 229 (60.1) | 152 (39.9) | |
| Frailty | 0.011 | |||
| No | 541 | 352 (65.1) | 218 (34.9) | |
| Yes | 109 | 48 (44.0) | 61 (56.0) | |
| Not informed | 25 | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) | |
Values denote as number (raw percentage) for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables
p-values were obtained from T-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables
Bold denotes statistical significance at p < 0.05
OHRQoL: Fair denotes OHIP-14K < 3: never, hardly ever, occasionally; Poor denotes OHIP-14K ≥ 3: fairly often, very often
Smoking: “No” denotes to never smoked, “Yes” denotes to past and current smoker
Alcohol drinking: “No” denotes to drunken, “Yes” denotes to past and current drinker
Metabolic syndrome: “No” refers to two or less factors, “Yes” refers to three or more factors among five factors: Obesity (body mass index (body kg/height m2) ≥ 25); Total triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: Male < 40 mg/dL, Female < 50 mg/dL or medication for dyslipidaemia; Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg or medication for hypertension; Glycated hemoglobin ≥ 5.3% or medication for diabetes
Periodontitis: followed by guideline “Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition” [51] classified into 2 groups: No (healthy or stage I–II) and Yes (stage III–IV)