TABLE 4.

Patient Characteristics by Three-Month Electroclinical Remission

Characteristic	Variable	3-Month Remission* (71/115)	P
Sex	Female	25/40 (62.5)	0.90
	Male	46/75 (61.3)
Race	White	48/81 (59.3)	0.75
	Black	18/27 (66.7)
	Other	5/7 (71.4)
Gestational age	≥37 weeks	52/83 (62.7)	0.75
	<37 weeks	19/32 (59.4)
Age at spasm onset†	≥12 months	4/13 (30.8)	0.03
	<12 months	67/102 (65.7)
Spasm onset to first treatment	>30 days	14/23 (60.9)	0.76
	≤30 days	47/73 (64.4)
Prior seizure	No	52/76 (68.4)	0.04
	Yes	19/39 (48.7)
Abnormal development	No	25/27 (92.6)	<0.001
	Yes	46/88 (52.3)
Etiology	Genetic/metabolic/unknown abnormal	14/26 (53.8)	<0.001
	Prior brain injury/MCD/other structural	40/72 (55.6)
	Unknown normal	17/17 (100)
First treatment	Vigabtrin	21/52 (40.4)	<0.001
	ACTH	26/32 (81.3)
	Prednisolone	24/30 (80.0)
	Levetiracetam	0/1 (0)

Abbreviations:

ACTH = Adrenocorticotropic hormone

MCD = Malformation of cortical development

For etiology, normal or abnormal refers to development before spasm onset. Missing values: time from spasm onset to first treatment (N = 19).

Values are N (row %).

Chi-square tests used for sex, gestational age, spasm onset to first treatment, prior seizure, and abnormal development; due to small numbers, Fisher’s exact tests used for race, age at spasm onset, etiology, and first treatment (levetiracetam excluded for this comparison).

^*Defined as confirmed electroclinical remission beginning within three months of the first treatment and extending for a minimum of 28 days and including day 90 after treatment start.

^†If date of spasm onset unknown, age of diagnosis used only for this variable.