Comparison of composite photocatalysts and their photocatalytic performances.
| Material | Pollutant & catalyst loading | Light source | Degradation (%) | Degradation time (min)/temperature | Stability performance (no. of recycle tests) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graphene/Fe–TiO2 nanowire | MB (10 ppm) & 100 mg | 400 W Xe lamp | 99.5 | 80 min/room temp. | 5 cycles | 62 |
| Fe3O4@rGO@TiO2 | MB (10 ppm) & 0.1 to 1.5 mg L−1 | 300 W UV-vis lamp | 99 | 140/room temp. | 6 cycles | 63 |
| TiO2–Ag/GR | MB (1 ppm–5 ppm) & 1 mg L−1 −5 mg L−1 | HP Hg lamp | 100 | 160/pH-6/room temp. | 5 cycles | 64 |
| TiO2@C/Ag | RB and MO (5 ppm) & 0.03 g | 150 W Xe lamp | 91 and MO not mentioned | 360 min/room temperature | 3 cycles | 59 |
| rGO-Fe3O4–TiO2 | MB (1 mg L−1) & 0.5 mg mL−1 | 125 W HPMV lamp | 100% under UV light & 91% in visible light | 5 min/room temp. | 3 cycles | 7 |
| Ag–Cu2O/rGO composite | MO (32 mg L−1) & 10 mg | 400 W metal halide lamp | 95% | 60 min/room temp. | 3 cycles | 56 |
| TiO2-rGO composite | MB (10 ppm) & 1 mg mL−1 | LED torches (∼0.1 mW mm−2) | 98.72 | 300 min/room temp. | — | 60 |
| Fe doped TiO2 | MB (7.5 ppm) & 100 mg L−1 | UV light | >95 | 60 min/room temp. | 6 cycles | 11 |
| rGO/Ag/Fe doped TiO2 | MB (20 ppm) & 10 mg | 35 W Xe arc lamp | 95.33 | 150 min/room temp. | 4 cycles | This work |