Binding energies and atomic ratios for 500 °C reduced Ni15 and Ni15–Re2 catalysts.
| Catalyst | Ni 2P3/2a (eV) | Ni 2P1/2a (eV) | Atomic ratio Ni/Al | Re 4f7/2a (eV) | Atomic ratio Re/Ni | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni2+ | Ni0 | Ni2+ | Ni0 | Re0 | Re3+ | Re4+ | Re7+ | |||
| Ni15–500R | 856.5 (70.9) | 853.0 (29.1) | 874.1 | 870.4 | 0.0725 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ni15–Re2–500R | 856.5 (60.9) | 853.3 (39.1) | 874.2 | 870.6 | 0.0678 | 40.5 (4.6) | 41.3 (25.1) | 43.1 (21.0) | 46.5 (49.3) | 0.0836 |
a
BEs of Ni 2P or Re 4f7/2 species. The percentages of Ni or Re with different valance states are shown in parentheses.