Putatively identified nonvolatile metabolites detected by UHPLC-QTOF/MS.

VIP	t R (min)	Discriminant ion (m/z)	Type of ion	Molecular formula	Diff (ppm)	Characteristic fragment ions (m/z)	Identification
1.7681	1.63	243.0604	[M − H]−	C9H12N2O6	−0.0019	200.0589, 179.8924, 152.0371, 111.0288	Uridineb
1.6135	4.39	338.0776	[M − 2H]2−	C34H30O15	−0.0005	515.1406, 353.0817, 191.0585, 179.0377, 161.0253, 135.0469,	1,3,4-Tri-caffeoylquinic acida
1.6011	6.11	359.0839	[M − 2H]2−	C33H36O18	0.0067	557.1475, 515.1457, 353.0866, 191.0573, 179.0352, 161.0247, 135.0478	5-Acetyl-1,3,4-tri-caffeoylquinic acidb
1.5766	1.39	402.9929	[M − C6H5O5N]−	C15H24O17N2P2	−0.0031	323.0297, 305.0080, 272.9575, 174.9829, 158.9270, 136.9221, 111.0221	Uridine-5′-diphospho glucoseb
1.5485	3.88	639.1177	[M + HCOOH–H]−	C30H26O13	−0.0178	463.0769, 431.0962, 351.0514, 151.0063, 593.2811, 269.0451, 287.0530	Apigenin-7-caffeoyl glucosidea
1.5406	3.65	667.1477	[M − H]−	C30H36O17	−0.0982	504.0724, 463.0810, 301.0262, 299.0187, 271.0277	Isoquercetin-2-O-(6′-acetyl-glucoside)-2′-glucosideb
1.5130	2.25	789.2065	[M − H]−	C33H41O22	−0.0230	771.1759, 669.1614, 579.1319, 431.1158, 359.0972, 341.0860,	Dihydroluteolin-7-O-raffinosidec
1.8447	1.15	277.0331	[M − H]−	C8H10N2O9		121.0662, 135.0832, 101.0305, 114.0577	Unknown
1.7048	1.38	111.9497	Fragment ion			242.9859, 238.1309	Unknown
1.5392	5.19	521.1998	[M − H]−	C26H34O11		329.1398, 181.0512, 166.0237, 160.0541	Unknown
1.5160	18.28	627.2366	[M − H2O − H]−	C29H42O16		—	Unknown
1.5088	18.46	552.2392	[M − H]−	C29H35N3O8		381.2244, 255.2377, 161.0485, 101.0262	Unknown

^aReported in the plant previously.

^bIdentified tentatively from the UHPLC-QTOF/MS data and the online metabolomics databases.

^cIdentified tentatively from the UHPLC-QTOF/MS data.