Fig. 1. (a) Structures of COE1-3C and COE1-3Py (b) adaptation strategy for in vitro evolution – (i) Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF wild type, (ii) COE1-3C adapted strain and (iii) COE1-3Py adapted strain were used for the characterization studies indicated. Blue and green lines indicate evolution in COE1-3C and COE1-3Py. These strains were subjected to MIC tests, whole genome sequencing to identify mutations associated with the adaptations, fatty acid profile analysis and lastly, lipid extraction to study the biophysical interaction of COEs with lipid bilayers using quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).