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. 2022 May 1;80:104039. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104039

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© 2022 The Author(s)

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig 4 — The longitudinal and mediation analyses. (a) Longitudinal analysis between the ADHD scale and the mean FA of the significant fiber tracts shown in Fig. S3 at baseline and 2-year follow-up. (b) Longitudinal analysis between the STU and the ADHD scale at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The p-values of longitudinal analyses were calculated by z test from the CLPM model. (c, d) Mediation analysis between PRS^ADHD and STU through (c) mean FA value of regional findings shown in Fig. 3c; (d) the ADHD scale. The p-values of mediation effect were calculated by bootstrap test with 10000 resampling iterations. (e) Serial mediation analysis between PRS^ADHD and STU through mean FA value of white matter tracts shown in Fig. 3c and the ADHD scale (sequentially). The p-values of the serial mediation effect were calculated by bootstrap test with 10,000 resampling iterations. Path C shows the association between PRS^ADHD and STU when mediators are not taken into account. Path C’ shows the association between PRS^ADHD and STU when mediators are taken into account. The mediation relationship is labelled with a red dotted line in (c–e).