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. 2022 Mar 9;50(6):666–679. doi: 10.1007/s10439-022-02941-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Workflow of the presented study. The first row shows the manual labor required for model generation by the atlas-based FE knee joint model framework. (a and b) Five anatomical dimensions were measured from MR images of each subject (N = 28) considered in this study to generate MRI-based knee joint atlas models. Anatomical landmarks were also measured similarly from clinical MR images (OAI database) for each knee joint geometry (N = 21) in the atlas library, and this information was linked with a corresponding medial compartment atlas model. (c) Finding best-matched atlas from atlas library based on minimum root mean square error (RMSE) of anatomical landmarks between considered subject and all 21 atlases in atlas library. (d) The optimal atlas compartment model was scaled to match anatomical landmarks of the considered subject by multiplication of its nodal coordinate values with percentage difference in AP, ML and tibiofemoral cartilage thickness directions (dx, dy and dz) between the subject data and best-matched atlas. (e) The biomechanical response of the scaled atlas FE compartment model was simulated using the physiologically relevant gait loading (50% of total joint loads obtained from whole knee joint simulations were assumed to occur in the medial compartment) based on body weight (BW) of the subject. The contribution of medial meniscus was considered in the compartment model by subtracting the simplified gait loading by the average contribution of medial meniscus.