Table 3.
Cox proportional hazard regression model for prediction of MACCE.
| Parameter | Univariate | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age, years | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 0.005 | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 0.049 |
| BSA, m2 | 0.49 (0.08–3.15) | 0.45 | ||
| B-type natriuretic peptide, 10 pg/mL | 1.01 (1.003–1.01) | < 0.001 | 1.005 (1.003–1.01) | < 0.001 |
| lnBNP | 1.42 (1.13–1.77) | 0.002 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation, (%) | 3.22 (1.70–6.11) | < 0.001 | 2.75 (1.40–5.40) | 0.003 |
| LVEF, % | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.20 | ||
| Peak velocity, m/s | 0.80 (0.57–1.12) | 0.19 | ||
| Mean PG, mmHg | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.21 | ||
| LVMI, g/m2 | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.18 | ||
| ESVI, mL/m2 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.55 | ||
| EDVI, mL/m2 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.90 | ||
| SAC, mL/m2/mmHg | 0.57 (0.21–1.53) | 0.27 | ||
| Zva, mmHg/mL/m2 | 1.00 (0.83–1.20) | 0.98 | ||
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 0.40 (0.21–0.77) | 0.006 | ||
| Classic LF-LG AS | 5.04 (1.98–12.84) | 0.001 | 5.53 (1.74–17.56) | 0.004 |
| AVAecho, m2 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.60 | ||
| AV VTI, cm | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | < 0.001 | ||
| LVOT VTI, cm | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 0.02 | ||
| lnAVC | 0.89 (0.71–1.09) | 0.26 | ||
| Normalized AVAplani, mm2 | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 0.76 | ||
| Normalized AVACT, mm2 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.50 | ||
| Annulus circularity, % | 0.34 (0.01–18.69) | 0.59 | ||
| Aortic annulus area, cm2 | 0.73 (0.53–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.57 (0.40–0.81) | 0.002 |
| Surgical valve size, mm | 0.89 (0.77–1.04) | 0.13 | ||
| Surgical valve type | ||||
| CE Magna | 1 | 0.63 | ||
| ATSAP | 0.55 (0.20–1.48) | 0.24 | ||
| Hancock | 1.09 (0.50–2.38) | 0.83 | ||
| St. Jude Regent | 0.63 (0.25–1.59) | 0.32 | ||
| Others | 0.85 (0.31–2.31) | 0.75 | ||
| Operator | ||||
| Operator 1 | 1 | 0.33 | ||
| Operator 2 | 1.63 (0.78–3.38) | 0.19 | ||
| Operator 3 | 0.37 (0.05–2. 76) | 0.33 | ||
| Operator 4 | 0.94 (0.37–2.41) | 0.90 | ||
| Operator 5 | 0.73 (0.30–1.78) | 0.49 | ||
AS aortic stenosis, AVA aortic valve area, AVC aortic valve calcium score, CI confidence interval, EDVI end-diastolic volume index, ESVI end-systolic volume index, HR hazard ratio, LF-LG low-flow and low-gradient, lnBNP log-transformed B-type natriuretic peptide, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVMI left ventricular mass index, LVOT left ventricular outflow tract, MACCE major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event, PG pressure gradient, SAC systemic arterial compliance, VTI velocity time integral, Zva valvulo-arterial impedance.