Fig. 8. Histological analysis of newly formed bone and fusion at the interface area: the spine was cross-sectionally sliced, and sections were stained with Van Gieson's picrofuchsin. The new bone appears red, and the scaffold appears black. There were significant differences between the MBG control and PTHrP-1-MBG scaffold groups in terms of new bone formation and fusion. For example, newly formed bone occurred at the interface (stained in red and pointed out by the arrows). TP, transverse process.