Fig. 2. (A) Effect of BBAP-1 upon morphological symptoms of apoptosis: control (A) and BBAP-1 (IC50: 16.62 μM) treated (B) cells were dual stained with AO/EtBr (100 μg ml⁻¹) in 1 : 1 ratio. The fluorescence was measured in green, red and merged channels. BBAP-1 treatment induced morphological features of apoptosis including fragmentation, chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation, membrane blebbing and dotted nuclei. (B) Effect of BBAP-1 upon mitochondria membrane potential: control (A) and BBAP-1 (B) treated cells were incubated for 24 h followed by JC-1 staining (5 mg ml⁻¹) for 1 h. The cells were examined under inverted fluorescence microscope in green, red and merged channels. Increase in green fluorescence reflects induction of apoptosis. (C) Effect of BBAP-1 upon cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell burden: cell phase distribution assay through flow cytometry was performed in control (A) and BBAP-1 treated (16.62 μM) (B) cells. Histogram represents content of DNA with actual number of cells (x axis denotes fluorescence intensity of PE Texas red and y axis denotes cell count). BBAP-1 treatment arrests the cell cycle in G2/M and increases apoptotic cell burden.