Analyses of real environmental samples with the ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 NPs/binder/GCE sensor.
| Sample | Added XNT concentration (nM) | Measured melamine conc.a by ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 NPs/GCE (nM) | Average recoveryb (%) | RSDc (%) (n = 3) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R 1 | R 2 | R 3 | ||||
| Industrial effluent | 5.000 | 4.97128 | 4.96702 | 4.94034 | 99.18 | 0.34 |
| PC-baby bottle | 5.000 | 4.88659 | 4.92789 | 4.87152 | 97.91 | 0.60 |
| PVC-water bottle | 5.000 | 4.89598 | 4.93011 | 4.92118 | 98.32 | 0.36 |
| PVC-food packaging bag | 5.000 | 4.95423 | 4.95025 | 4.94347 | 98.99 | 0.11 |
a
Mean of three repeated determinations (signal to noise ratio of 3) with ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3 NPs/GCE.
b
The concentration of XNT determined/the concentration taken (unit: nM).
c
Relative standard deviation value indicates precision among three repeated measurements (R1, R2, R3).