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. 2022 Apr 25;7(4):348–362. doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.007

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis and Upregulated Fibrosis-Related Genes in Echs1+/- Male Mice

(A) Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showing diffused cardiac fiber arrangement; wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining showing similar cardiomyocyte areas; Masson’s trichrome and sirius red staining of cardiac cross-sections showing increased collagen deposition in heart tissues of Echs1+/- mice compared with that of wild-type mice at weeks 3 and 96. Scale bar: 50 μm. N = 3 mice/group. (B) Cardiac cross-sections showing increased α–smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen i, collagen III, and H3K9ac expression in Echs1+/- hearts at weeks 3 and 96. Scale bar: 50 μm. N = 3 mice/group. (C) Western blot showing increased α-SMA, collagen i, collagen III expression in Echs1+/- hearts at weeks 3 and 96. N = 3 mice/group. (D) Increased mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), β-catenin, connexin43 (Cx43), and myosin heavy chain β (β-MHC), detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), indicating failing hearts in Echs1+/- male mice. N = 6 mice/group. Scale bar: 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.001 using Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test for 2 and multiple group comparisons, respectively. Abbreviation as in Figure 1.