Table 2.
Quality of life and psychological well-being of study population according to lifestyle change during COVID-19 pandemic era∗
| Characteristics | Total Sample (n = 504) | Lifestyle Change |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO (n = 220) | YES (n = 284) | |||
| Self-rated health (visual analogue scale) | ||||
| VAS pre-COVID-19 | 76.5 ± 16.9 | 75.8 ± 18.3 | 77.0 ± 15.8 | 0.42 |
| VAS COVID-19 era | 69.6 ± 19.2 | 70.7 ± 19.8 | 68.7 ± 18.8 | 0.25 |
| Worsened EQ-VAS | 217 (43) | 75 (35) | 142 (65) | <0.001 |
| WHO-5: The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index | ||||
| WHO-5 | 15.8 ± 5.2 | 16.3 ± 5.4 | 15.4 ± 5.0 | 0.07 |
| WHO-5 ≤15 | 229 (45) | 87 (39) | 142 (50) | 0.01 |
| K10 test—Kessler Psychological Distress Scale | ||||
| K10 test | 16.0 ± 4.8 | 15.7 ± 4.9 | 16.2 ± 4.8 | 0.23 |
| K10 test more than 19 | 116 (23) | 46 (21) | 70 (25) | 0.19 |
Worsened quality of life: greater than 5 points lost at VAS.
WHO-5: The World Health Organisation—Five Well-Being Index (ranging from 0 to 25, with 0 representing the worst imaginable well-being and 25 representing the best imaginable well-being).
K10 test: Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (ranging from 0 to 50, with 0 representing the better result and 50 representing the worsen result).