Mortality (mean ± SD) of the third instar larvae of P. xylostella after EB + NFs exposure via leaf dipping^a.

Formulation	Concentration (mg L−1)	Hours after treatment
		24 h	48 h	72 h
EB + SNPs	0.1	14.77 ± 1.92 e	27.27 ± 1.92 e	34.09 ± 1.92 c
	0.2	31.81 ± 3.33 d	52.27 ± 3.33 d	65.91 ± 3.33 b
	0.4	62.43 ± 3.33 c	79.54 ± 3.33 c	100.00 ± 0.00 a
	0.8	76.14 ± 3.33 b	86.36 ± 3.33 b	100.00 ± 0.00 a
	1.6	86.36 ± 3.33 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a
	Control	0.00 ± 0.00 f	0.00 ± 0.00 f	0.00 ± 0.00 d
EB + MCM-48	0.5	10.00 ± 1.92 d	13.33 ± 3.33 d	22.22 ± 5.09 e
	1	14.44 ± 1.92 cd	21.11 ± 3.85 cd	38.89 ± 5.09 d
	2	21.11 ± 5.09 c	26.67 ± 6.67 c	47.78 ± 5.09 c
	4	37.78 ± 5.09 b	45.56 ± 3.85 b	64.44 ± 6.94 b
	8	53.33 ± 8.82 a	72.22 ± 10.18 a	86.67 ± 3.33 a
	Control	0.00 ± 0.00 e	0.00 ± 0.00 e	0.00 ± 0.00 f
EB + PNC	1	4.44 ± 0.00 cd	11.11 ± 3.33 d	17.77 ± 3.33 d
	2	5.56 ± 1.92 c	14.44 ± 1.92 d	26.67 ± 1.92 d
	4	8.89 ± 1.92 c	25.55 ± 3.33 c	41.11 ± 3.33 c
	8	17.78 ± 1.92 b	43.33 ± 1.92 b	60 ± 3.85 b
	16	37.78 ± 3.85 a	73.33 ± 3.85 a	88.86 ± 3.83 a
	Control	0.00 ± 0.00 e	0.00 ± 0.00 e	0.00 ± 0.00 e
EB	1	5.56 ± 1.92 de	11.11 ± 1.92 d	16.67 ± 3.33 e
	2	8.89 ± 3.85 cd	14.44 ± 1.92 d	24.44 ± 1.92 d
	4	13.33 ± 3.33 c	23.33 ± 3.85 c	51.11 ± 3.85 c
	8	24.44 ± 1.92 b	41.11 ± 1.92 b	67.78 ± 5.09 b
	16	42.22 ± 3.85 a	62.22 ± 5.09 a	84.44 ± 5.09 a
	Control	0.00 ± 0.00 e	0.00 ± 0.00 e	0.00 ± 0.00 f

^aDifferent letter in column under same formulation followed after mean (±SD) indicate significant difference at P = 0.05 level.