Fig. 6. (a) Anti-p53 autoantibody immunoassay results. As anti-p53 concentration increases, the signal also increases. The detection limit of the chip is about 4 ng mL⁻¹. The entire test requires about 60 minutes. (b) Immunoassay results of saliva samples from oral cancer patients. The results confirm that the detection performance of the device is broadly comparable to that of the microtube test. This proves that this chip can be used for detection in patient samples.