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. 2018 May 9;8(30):16957–16972. doi: 10.1039/c8ra00695d

Comparison of continuous variables between cases (overweight and obese subjects) and controls (normal weight subjects)a.

Total N = 606 Females N = 270 (44.55%) Males N = 336 (55.45%)
Parameters Groups Mean SD Mean rank p-Value Mean SD Mean rank p-Value Mean SD Mean rank p-Value
Weight (kg) Cases 89.01 19.25 439.83 <0.001* 83.05 18.63 197.99 <0.001* 93.91 18.40 248.66 <0.001*
Controls 59.19 7.91 164.45 54.69 6.01 70.17 62.74 7.42 88.34
Height (cm) Cases 164.27 9.37 296.39 0.312 156.86 5.82 125.83 0.037* 170.36 7.06 167.77 0.890
Controls 164.99 8.55 310.76 158.09 5.19 145.61 170.42 6.50 169.23
BMI (kg m−2) Cases 32.89 6.07 453.46 <0.001* 33.67 6.81 201.46 <0.001* 32.25 5.32 252.50 <0.001*
Controls 21.70 2.00 150.54 21.87 2 66.55 21.58 2.01 84.50
WC (cm) Cases 110.74 14.26 444.08 <0.001* 112.37 14.91 196.46 <0.001* 109.39 13.59 248.56 <0.001*
Controls 82.95 8.24 160.11 81.61 9.57 71.77 84 6.87 88.44
HC (cm) Cases 114.61 12.02 440.34 <0.001* 115.66 11.43 196.71 <0.001* 113.76 12.46 244.34 <0.001*
Controls 94.89 5.80 163.92 95.42 5.68 71.51 94.47 5.88 92.66
WHR Cases 0.97 0.06 405.91 <0.001* 0.97 0.07 183.17 <0.001* 0.96 0.06 224.70 <0.001*
Controls 0.87 0.07 199.04 0.85 0.08 85.66 0.89 0.06 112.30
Biceps SFT (mm) Cases 19.21 8.74 410.28 <0.001* 22.75 8.42 185.39 <0.001* 16.29 7.91 233.67 <0.001*
Controls 8.89 4.94 194.58 11.62 4.69 83.34 6.73 3.99 103.33
Triceps SFT (mm) Cases 31.36 9.94 430.44 <0.001* 31 8.01 188.40 <0.001* 31.66 11.29 243.39 <0.001*
Controls 14.89 6.74 174.02 18.55 5.61 80.19 12.01 6.13 93.69
Sub-scapular SFT (mm) Cases 33.19 11.18 425.03 <0.001* 34.96 10.66 192.60 <0.001* 31.75 11.42 233.66 <0.001*
Controls 17.26 6.18 178.12 17.98 5.93 75.80 16.69 6.33 101.95
Abdomen SFT (mm) Cases 47.25 15.39 428.19 <0.001* 42.98 12.58 190.38 <0.001* 50.77 16.59 239.34 <0.001*
Controls 24.28 9.36 176.32 24.65 7.11 78.13 23.99 10.81 97.66
Thigh SFT (mm) Cases 47.11 16.72 431.91 <0.001* 44.34 12.33 189.86 <0.001* 49.38 19.36 243.89 <0.001*
Controls 20.42 9.09 172.52 27.01 5.63 78.67 15.24 7.87 93.11
Supra-iliac SFT (mm) Cases 38.65 14.83 422.04 <0.001* 30.07 8.96 185.87 <0.001* 45.69 15.01 242.48 <0.001*
Controls 19.13 8.07 182.59 17.48 6.76 82.84 20.43 8.77 94.52
% BF Cases 35.05 5.86 438.08 <0.001* 35.84 6.57 190.72 <0.001* 34.39 5.13 248.18 <0.001*
Controls 20.34 6.97 166.23 22.66 6.87 77.77 18.52 6.49 88.82
SBP (mmHg) Cases 119.90 14.93 340.85 <0.001* 117.83 16.90 162.58 <0.001* 121.60 12.89 178.43 0.052
Controls 113.40 13.46 265.40 106.39 11.15 107.19 118.90 12.55 158.57
DBP (mmHg) Cases 79.80 11.05 342.52 <0.001* 77.36 11.48 151.32 <0.001* 81.81 10.29 192.01 <0.001*
Controls 74.51 9.52 263.70 72.21 8.79 118.96 76.31 9.70 144.99
FBG (mg dl−1) Cases 105.10 24.50 329.17 <0.001* 107.50 22.15 147.63 0.009* 103.14 26.18 182.44 0.009*
Controls 99.51 12.56 277.32 101.16 10.76 122.82 98.22 13.69 154.56
Insulin μl U ml−1 Cases 27.01 14.49 366.18 <0.001* 25.59 13.31 149.28 0.003* 28.17 15.33 217.29 <0.001*
Controls 18.83 12.21 239.57 20.44 9.89 121.09 17.57 13.67 119.71
HOMA-IR Cases 6.99 3.95 368.39 <0.001* 6.86 4.02 151.37 0.001* 7.09 3.89 217.75 <0.001*
Controls 4.77 3.97 237.31 5.23 2.89 118.91 4.40 4.63 119.25
a

Continuous variables are taken as mean rank and compared by Mann–Whitney U test between cases and controls. *A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Abbreviations; cases1: overweight and obese subjects, SD: standard deviation, BMI: body mass index, WC: waist circumference, HC: hip circumference, WHR: waist-to-hip ratio, SFT: skinfold thickness, % BF: percentage body fat, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.