Fig. 6. Iron NPs accelerate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via modulation of long noncoding RNA INZEB2. (A) TEM image of IONPs. (B) Size distribution histogram of IONPs. (C) The hysteresis loop of IONPs. WB and AC represent IONPs that were synthesized in heat mode in a water bath and in an alternating-current (AC) magnetic field. (D) Effects of different concentrations of Fe³⁺ on the ALP activity of MSCs. (E) Alizarin Red S staining images. MSC were treated with 100 μM Fe³⁺, 100 μg mL⁻¹ IONPs, or osteogenesis-inducing supplements (OS) for 21 days. (F) Effects on ALP activity of MSCs after transfection with the indicated siRNA. (G) Alizarin Red S staining images. Effects on the mineralized-nodule formation in MSCs after transfection with the indicated siRNA. (H) Effects on the protein levels measured by western blotting after transfection with the indicated siRNA. All bars represent mean ± SD, n = 3, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Reproduced with permission.¹⁵⁷ Copyright 2017, Springer.