Performances of A-SMFCs and NA-SMFCs for the remediation of heavy metals compared with Sediment Management Standards USA.

	A-SMFC		NA-SMFC
Heavy metal	Concentration (mg kg−1)	Remediation efficiency (%)	Concentration (mg kg−1)	Remediation efficiency (%)	Days of operation	Sediment Management Standards USA
Cr(vi) ions	390.3 ± 3.2	0	390.3 ± 3.2	0	0	260–270 mg kg−1
	300.5 ± 3.9	23.19	320.2 ± 3.6	17.95	20
	180.9 ± 1.8	53.65	210.8 ± 3.1	45.97	40
	75.30 ± 2.4	80.70	165.9 ± 1.5	57.48	60
	190.1 ± 3.7	51.27	127.3 ± 2.3	67.36	80
	260.5 ± 3.7	33.25	177.2 ± 2.1	54.59	100
	324.5 ± 4.1	16.85	260.6 ± 3.2	33.23	120
Cu(ii) ions	480.1 ± 3.3	0	480.1 ± 3.3	0	0	390–390 mg kg−1
	420.4 ± 2.0	12.43	450.5 ± 2.7	6.170	20
	310.3 ± 3.4	35.36	360.5 ± 1.3	24.91	40
	130.9 ± 2.7	72.72	250.9 ± 2.7	47.73	60
	270.4 ± 1.7	43.67	195.1 ± 4.5	59.36	80
	390.1 ± 2.2	18.75	220.6 ± 2.3	54.05	100
	430.6 ± 3.0	10.31	380.3 ± 2.8	20.78	120
Ni(ii) ions	180.5 ± 2.5	0	180.5 ± 2.5	0	0	26–110 mg kg−1
	145.3 ± 3.0	19.48	165.3 ± 2.4	8.384	20
	90.66 ± 2.2	49.77	124.9 ± 2.6	30.78	40
	35.41 ± 1.8	80.37	100.4 ± 3.3	44.35	60
	134.5 ± 3.3	25.44	85.29 ± 2.4	52.74	80
	156.3 ± 3.0	13.38	124.1 ± 3.0	31.22	100
	167.2 ± 2.8	7.331	145.4 ± 2.3	19.44	120